Operative fetoscopy: new perspective in fetal therapy?
1997; Wiley; Volume: 17; Issue: 13 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199712)17
ISSN1097-0223
AutoresJan Deprest, Antoon Lerut, Kamiel Vandenberghe,
Tópico(s)Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
ResumoPrenatal DiagnosisVolume 17, Issue 13 p. 1247-1260 Original Paper Operative fetoscopy: new perspective in fetal therapy? Jan A. Deprest, Corresponding Author Jan A. Deprest [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium Centre of Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, BelgiumCentre for Surgical Technologies, Minderbroedersstraat 17, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorToni E. Lerut, Toni E. Lerut Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium Centre of Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorKamiel Vandenberghe, Kamiel Vandenberghe Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this author Jan A. Deprest, Corresponding Author Jan A. Deprest [email protected] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium Centre of Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, BelgiumCentre for Surgical Technologies, Minderbroedersstraat 17, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorToni E. Lerut, Toni E. Lerut Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium Centre of Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorKamiel Vandenberghe, Kamiel Vandenberghe Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 December 1998 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199712)17:13 3.0.CO;2-WCitations: 33AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract In a limited number of conditions in utero surgery may be life-saving, such as some cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, sacrococcygeal teratoma and lower urinary tract obstruction. Postoperative premature labour and its extreme invasiveness have been major drawbacks for open fetal surgery. More recently the merger of fetoscopy and advanced video-endoscopic surgery has been the basis of the concept of endoscopic fetal surgery. In order to evaluate the opportunities of ‘fetendo’ surgery, animal models have been developed to test the safety of the endoscopic approach, and the feasibility of surgical manipulations on the fetus. In the non-human primate, a lesser invasiveness of endoscopy over open surgical approach was demonstrated, by a significant decrease in uterine activity in comparison with hysterotomy. The main application of fetoscopy today is the surgical treatment of complicated or abnormal monochorionic twin gestations. Fetoscopic laser coagulation of chorionic plate vessels is suggested as a causal therapy for severe feto-fetal transfusion syndrome. Survival rates are around 55 per cent with an incidence of five per cent of neurological morbidity. Fetoscopic cord ligation is associated with a 66 per cent survival rate, but unfortunately also with a risk of 30 per cent for PPROM prior to 32 weeks. Although still in its early experimental phase, endoscopy seems to offer new hope for surgical fetal therapy. Though conceptually very tempting, the development of endoscopic fetal surgery should follow the formal guidelines, as earlier formulated for open surgery by the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society. The prospective registration of worldwide experience is advocated and a randomized trial of laser therapy versus amniodrainage is announced. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. References Adzick, N. S., Harrison, M. R., Flake, A. W., Howell, L. J., Golbus, M. S., Filly, R. A. (1993). Fetal surgery for cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, J. Pediatr. Surg., 28, 806–812. 10.1016/0022-3468(93)90332-F CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Adzick, N. S., Harrison, M. R. (1994). Fetal surgical therapy, Lancet, 343, 897–902. 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90012-4 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bargy, F., Sapin, E. (1992). La chirurgie foetale: pour quoi faire?, Pédiatrie, 47, 347–350. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bealer, J. F., Skarsgard, E. D., Hedrick, M. H., et al. (1995). The ‘plug’ odyssey: adventures in experimental fetal tracheal occlusion, J. Pediatr. Surg., 30, 361–365. 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90590-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bejar, R., Vigliocco, G., Gramajo, H., et al. (1990). Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants. II. Multiple gestations, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 162, 1230–1236. 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90024-2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Benachi, A., Bourbon, J., Delezoide, A. L., et al. (1996). La technique PLUG dans le traitement des hernies de coupole diaphragmatique: bénéfique ou délétère?, Méd. Foet. Echo. Gynécol., 27, 25–29. Google Scholar Bruner, J. P., Richards, W. O., Tulipan, N. B., Arney, T. L., Zaner, R. M. (1997). Endoscopic coverage of fetal myelomeningocele in utero. Presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society, 1–5 June, Alyeska Resort, Alaska, USA. Google Scholar Bussières, L., Wieckowski, J., Révillon, Y., Chourrout, Y., Sachs, C., Laborde, K. (1993). Creation of experimental urethral obstruction in utero: evaluation of fetal renal function, Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg., 3, 161–165. 10.1055/s-2008-1063534 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Carmel, J. A., Friedman, F., Addams, F. H. (1965). Fetal tracheal ligation and lung development, Am. J. Dis. Childh., 109, 452–456. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Copeland, M. L., Bruner, J. P., Richards, W. O., Sundell, H. W., Tulipan, N. B. (1993). A model for in utero endoscopic treatment of myelomningocele, Neurosurg, 33, 542–545. 10.1097/00006123-199309000-00043 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Crombleholme, T. M., Robertson, F., Marx, G., Yarnell, R., D'Alton, M. E. (1996). Fetoscopic cord ligation to prevent neurological injury in monozygous twins, Lancet, 348, 191. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)24029-2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar De Lia, J. E., Cruikshank, D. P., Keye, W. R. (1990). Fetoscopic neodymium: YAG laser occlusion of placental vessels in severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, Obstet. Gynecol., 75, 1046–1053. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Deprest, J. A., Luks, F. I., Peers, K. H., Vandenberghe, K., D'Olieslagher, J., Van Ginderdeuren, R., Lerut, T., Van Assche, F. A. (1995a). Intra-uterine exposure to video-endoscopic light in the fetal lamb (abstract), Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 172, 427. 10.1016/0002-9378(95)91304-1 Google Scholar Deprest, J. A., Luks, F. I., Peers, K. H. E., Brosens, I. A., Vandenberghe, K., Lerut, T. E., Van Assche, F. A. (1995b). Intrauterine endoscopic creation of urinary tract obstruction in the fetal lamb: a model for fetal surgery, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 172, 1422–1426. 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90472-7 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Deprest, J., Evrard, V., Van Schoubroeck, D., Vandenberghe, K. (1996). Fetoscopic cord ligation, Lancet, 348, 890–891. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64760-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Deprest, J. A., Evrard, V. A., Van Ballaer, P. P., Flageole, H.,Van Assche, F. A., Vandenberghe, K., Van Schoubroeck, D. (1997a). Alternative technique for fetoscopic Nd: Yag laser coagulation in case of twin-twin transfusion syndrome with anterior placenta (abstract), Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 176, S86. 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)80349-3 Google Scholar Deprest, J. A., Evrard, V. A., Van Ballaer, P. P., Verbeken, E., Vandenberghe, K., Lerut, T. E., Flageole, H. (1997b). Tracheoscopic endoluminal plugging using an inflatable device in the fetal lamb model, Eur. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Repord. Biol., in press. Google Scholar Deprest, J. A., Evrard, V. A., Van Ballaer, P. P., Peers, K. H. E., Spitz, B., Steegers, E. A., Vandenberghe, K. (1997c). Experience with fetoscopic cord ligation, Eur. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Reprod. Biol., in press. Google Scholar Deprest, J. A., Evrard, V. A., Verbeken, E. A., Delare, P. P., Vandenberghe, K., Lerut, T., Flageole, H. (1997d). Tracheal alterations following in utero endoluminal obstruction in the fetal lamb, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 176, S87. 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)80350-X Google Scholar DiFiore, J. W., Fauza, D. O., Stavin, R., et al. (1994). Experimental fetal tracheal ligation reverses the structural and physiologic effects of pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, J. Pediatr. Surg., 29, 248–257. 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90328-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Elder, J. C., Duckett, J. W., Snyder, H. M. (1987). Intervention for fetal obstructive uropathy: has it been effective?, Lancet, II, 1007–1010. 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92567-0 CASGoogle Scholar Estes, J. M., MacGillivary, T. E., Hedrick, M. H., et al. (1992). Fetoscopic surgery for the treatment of congenital anomalies, J. Pediatr. Surg., 27, 950–954. 10.1016/0022-3468(92)90538-I CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Eurofetus (1997). Endoscopic feto-placental surgery: from animal experimentation to early human experimentation. Programme funded by the European Commission, within the Biomed 2 Programme, PL 962383. Google Scholar Evans, M. I., Sacks, A. J., Johnson, M. P., et al. (1991). Sequential invasive assessment of fetal renal function and the intrauterine treatment of fetal obstructive uropathies, Obstet. Gynecol., 77, 545–550. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Evrard, V., Deprest, J., Luks, F., Peers, K., Van Ballaer, P., Lerut, T., Vandenberghe, K. (1997). Amnioinfusion with Hartmann's solution: a safe distension medium for endoscopic fetal surgery in the ovine model, Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 12, 188–192. 10.1159/000264464 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Flageole, H., Evrard, V. A., Vandenberghe, K., Lerut, T. E., Deprest, J. A. M. (1997a). Tracheoscopic tracheal occlusion in the ovine model: possible application in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, J. Pediatr. Surg., 32(9), 1328–1331. 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90314-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Flageole, H., Evrard, V. A., Piedboeuf, B., Laberge, J. M., Lerut, T. E., Deprest, J. A. (1997b). The plug-unplug sequence: an important step to achieve type II pneumocyte maturation in the fetal lamb model, J. Pediatr. Surg., in press. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Flake, A. W. (1993). Fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma, Semin. Pediatr. Surg., 2, 113–120. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Fusi, L., McParland, P., Fisk, N., Nicolini, U., Wigglesworth, J. (1991). Acute twin–twin transfusion: a possible mechanism for brain-damaged survivors after intra-uterine death of a monochorionic twin, Obstet. Gynecol., 78, 517–520. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Fortunato, S. J., Lombardi, S. J., Daniell, J. F., et al. (1997). Intra-uterine laser ablation of a fetal CCAM: with hydrops (abstract), Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 176, S84. Web of Science®Google Scholar Harrison, M. R. (1991). Professional considerations in fetal treatment. In: M. R. Harrison, M. S. Golbus, R. A. Filly (Eds). The Unborn Patient, Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 8–13. Web of Science®Google Scholar Harrison, M. R., Adzick, N. S., Flake, A. W., Jennings, R. W., Estes, J. M. (1993). Correction of diaphragmatic hernia in utero. VI. Hard-earned lessons, J. Pediatr. Surg., 28, 1411–1418. 10.1016/S0022-3468(05)80338-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Harrison, M. R., Adzick, N. S., Flake, A. W. (1994). Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an unsolved problem, J. Am. Medic. Assoc., 271, 382–384. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Harrison, M. R., Adzick, N. S., Flake, A. W., VanderWall, K. J., Bealer, J. F., Howell, L. J., Farrell, J. A., Filly, R. A., Rosen, M. A., Sola, A., Goldberg, J. D. (1996). Correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in utero VIII: Response of the hypoplastic lung to tracheal occlusion, J. Ped. Surg., 31, 1339–1348. 10.1016/S0022-3468(96)90824-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Hecher, K., Hackelöer, B.-J. (1996). Intra-uterine endoscopic laser surgery for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma, Lancet, 347, 470. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90045-8 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Hubinont, C., Bernard, P., Mwebesa, W., Magritte, J. P., Donnez, J. (1996). Nd:YAG laser and needle disruption of the interfetal septum: a possible therapy in severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, J. Gynecol. Surg., 12, 183–189. 10.1089/gyn.1996.12.183 Web of Science®Google Scholar Jennings, R. W., Adzick, N. S., Longaker, M. T., et al. (1992). New techniques in fetal surgery, J. Pediatr. Surg., 27, 1329–1333. 10.1016/0022-3468(92)90289-J CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Johnson, M. P., Bukowski, T., Reitleman, C., et al. (1994). In utero surgical treatment of fetal obstructive uropathy: a new comprehensive approach to identify appropriate candidates for vesico-amniotic shunt therapy, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 170, 1770. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Johnson, M. P., Quintero, R., Freedman, A. L., Flake, A. W., King, M., Sudz, C., Evans, M. I. (1997). Development of a fetal cytoscopy program. Presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society, 1–5 June, Alyeska Resort, Alaska, USA. Google Scholar Lemery, D. J., Vanlieferinghen, P., Gasq, M., Finkeltin, F., Beaufree, A. M., Beytout, M. F., et al. (1994). Umbilical cord ligation under ultrasound guidance, Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol., 4, 399–401. 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1994.04050399.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Luks, F., Deprest, J. (1993). Endoscopic fetal surgery: a new alternative? (Editorial), Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 52, 1–3. 10.1016/0028-2243(93)90217-Z CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Luks, F. I., Deprest, J. A., Marcus, M., Vertommen, J., Vandenberghe, K., Lerut, T., Brosens, I. (1994a). Carbon dioxide pneumamnios causes acidosis in the fetal lamb, Fetal Diagn. Ther., 9, 101–104. 10.1159/000263916 Google Scholar Luks, F. I., Deprest, J. A., Vandenberghe, K., Laermans, I., De Simpelaere, L., Brosens, I. A., Lerut, T. (1994b). Fetoscopy-guided fetal endoscopy in a sheep model, J. Am. Coll. Surg., 178, 609–612. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Luks, F. I., Gilchrist, B. F., Jackson, B. T., Piasecki, G. J. (1996). Endoscopic tracheal obstruction with an expanding device in a fetal lamb model: primary considerations, Fetal Diagn. Ther., 11, 67–71. 10.1159/000264282 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Luks, F. I., Deprest, J. A., Gilchrist, B. F., Peers, K. H. E., van der Wildt, B., Steegers, E. A. P., Vandenberghe, K. (1997). Access techniques in endoscopic fetal surgery, Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg., 7, 131–134. 10.1055/s-2008-1071072 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar MacMahon, R. A., Renou, P. M. M., Shekelton, P. A., Paterson, P. J. (1992). In utero cystostomy, Lancet, 340, 234. 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92940-H PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Mahoney, B. S., Filly, R. A., Callen, P. W., Hricak, H., Golbus, M. S., Harrison, M. R. (1984). Fetal renal dysplasia: sonographic evaluation, Radiology, 152, 143–146. 10.1148/radiology.152.1.6729104 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Manning, F. A., Harrison, M. R., Rodeck, C. (1986). Catheter shunts for fetal hydronephrosis and hydrocephalus, New Engl. J. Med., 315, 336–340. 10.1056/NEJM198607313150532 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar McCurdy, C. M., Childers, J. M., Seeds, J. W. (1993). Ligation of the umbilical cord of an acardiacacephalus twin with an endoscopic intrauterine technique, Obstet. Gynecol., 82, 708–711. 10.1097/00006250-199310000-00058 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Moore, T. R., Gale, S., Bernischke, K. (1990). Perinatal outcome of forty-nine pregnancies complicated by acardiac twinning, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 163, 907–912. 10.1016/0002-9378(90)91094-S CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Mychaliska, G., Graf, J., Filly, R., Levine, A., Farrell, J., Jennings, R., Albanese, C., Harrison, M. (1997). Endoscopic fetal tracheal occlusion for treatment of CDH: technical innovations and clinical outcomes, Presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society, 1–5 June, Alyeska Resort, Alaska, USA. Google Scholar Nakayama, D. K., Harrison, M. R., Delorimier, A. A. (1986). Prognosis of posterior urethral valves present at birth, J. Pediatr. Surg., 21, 43. 10.1016/S0022-3468(86)80651-0 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar O'Toole, S. J., Karamnaoukian, H. L., Williams, D. L., Holm, B., Azizhkan, R. G., Glick, P. L.( (1996). In utero lung distention decreases surfactant protein gene expression, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 153, A641. Google Scholar Pringle, K. (1997). Report of the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society (Editorial), Fet. Diagn. Ther., 12, 195–196. 10.1159/000264466 Web of Science®Google Scholar Quintero, R. A., Crossland, W. J., Cotton, D. B. (1994). Effect of endoscopic white light on the developing visual pathway: a histologic, histochemical, and behavioral study, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 171, 1142–1148. 10.1016/0002-9378(94)90053-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quintero, R. A., Hume, R., Smith, C., Johnson, M. P., Cotton, D. B., Romero, R., Evans, M. I. (1995a). Percutaneous fetal cystoscopy and endoscopic fulguration of posterior urethral valves, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 172, 206. 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90115-9 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quintero, R. A., Johnson, M. P., Romero, R., Smith, C., Arias, F., Guevara-Zuloga, F., Cotton, D. B., Evans, M. I. (1995b). In utero percutaneous cystoscopy in the management of fetal lower obstructive uropathy, Lancet, 346, 537–540. 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91381-5 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quintero, R. A., Romero, R., Reich, H., Gonçalves, L., Johnson, M. P., Carreno, C., Evans, M. I. (1996A). In utero percutaneous umbilical cord ligation in the management of complicated monochorionic multiple gestations, Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol., 8, 16–22. 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.08010016.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quintero, R. A., Reich, H., Romero, R., Johnson, M. P., Gonçalves, L., Evans, M. I. (1996b). In utero endoscopic devascularization of a large chorioangioma, Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol., 8, 16–22. 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.08010016.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quintero, R., Morales, W. J., Kalter, C. S., Angel, J. L. (1997). Treatment of amniotic bands in utero, Presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society, 1–5 June, Alyeska Resort, Alaska, USA. Google Scholar Rodeck, C. H. (1980). Fetoscopy guided by real-time ultrasound for pure fetal blood samples, fetal skin samples and examination of the fetus in utero, Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 87, 449–456. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04577.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Saiki, Y., Litwin, D., Bigras, J. L., Waddel, J., Konig, A., Baik, S., Navsarikar, A., Rebeyka, I. (1997). Reducing the deleterious effects of intrauterine CO2 during fetoscopic surgery, J. Surg. Research, 69, 51–54. 10.1006/jsre.1997.5026 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Skarsgard, E. D., Bealer, J. F., Meuli, M., Adzick, N. S., Harrison, M. R. (1995). Fetal endoscopic surgery: the relationship between insufflation pressure and the fetoplacental circulation, J. Pediatr. Surg., 30, 1165–1168. 10.1016/0022-3468(95)90013-6 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sullivan, K. M., Adzick, N. S. (1994). Fetal surgery, Clin. Obstet. Gynecol., 37, 355–371. 10.1097/00003081-199406000-00012 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Sylvester, K. G., Yang, E. Y., Darrell, L. C., Crombleholme, T. M., Adzick, N. S. (1997). Fetoscopic gene therapy for congenital lung disease, J. Pediatr. Surg., 32, 964–969. 10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90378-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Van Allen, M. I., Smith, D. W., Shepard, T. H. (1983). Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: study of 14 twin pregnancies with acardius, Semin. Perinatol., 7, 285–293. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar van der Wildt, B., Luks, F. I., Steegers, E. A. P., Deprest, J., Peers, K. H. E. (1995). Absence of electrical uterine activity after endoscopic access for fetal surgery in the rhesus monkey, Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 58, 213–214. 10.1016/0028-2243(95)80027-P CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Vanderwall, K. J., Bruch, S. W., Kohl, T. et al. (1996). Fetoscopic tracheal clip occlusion for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, J. Pediatr. Surg., 31, 1101–1104. 10.1016/S0022-3468(96)90096-2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ville, Y., Hyett, J. A., Vandenbussche, F., Nicolaides, K. H. (1994). Endoscopic laser coagulation of umbilical cord vessels in twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol., 4, 396–398. 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1994.04050396.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ville, Y., Hyett, J., Hecher, K., Nicolaides, K. (1995). Preliminary experience with endoscopic laser surgery for severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome, N. Engl. J. Med., 332, 224–227. 10.1056/NEJM199501263320404 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ville, Y., Hecher, K., Gagnon, A., Sebire, N., Hyett, J., Nicolaides, K. (1997). Endoscopic laser coagulation in the management of severe twin transfusion syndrome, Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol., in press. Google Scholar Willcourt, R. J., Naughton, M. J., Knutzen, V. K. (1995). Ligation of an umbilical cord of an acardiac fetus; laparoscopic technique, J. Am. Assoc. Gynecol. Lap., 2, 319–321. 10.1016/S1074-3804(05)80115-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume17, Issue13December 1997Pages 1247-1260 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)