THE AUSTERITY POLICY AND THE RULE OF LAW: RELATIONS BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC IN FLEDGLING ISRAEL 1
2005; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 4; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/14725880500298252
ISSN1472-5894
Autores Tópico(s)Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
ResumoAbstract This article examines the concept of the rule of law as perceived by the Israeli public and decision‐makers during Israel’s early years. The purpose of the article is to examine the relationship between policy‐makers and the general public in the early stages of Israeli statehood. The “rule of law” is employed to facilitate greater understanding of the weaknesses or even failures of the austerity policy and to unveil some of the mechanisms leading to public disobedience, during times of nation‐building fervour. The roles of the public, policy‐makers, law enforcement apparatus and adjudicators in shaping the social order and economic reality is addressed. Notes 1. This article has its origins in a doctoral dissertation written under the supervision of Prof. Yossef Gorni and Prof. Avraham Shapira at Tel Aviv University (February 2002). See Rozin, Orit. “From ‘We’ to ‘I’ Individualism in Israeli Society in the Early 1950s.” Diss. Tel Aviv U, Citation2002. (Hebrew). 2. Several studies on the Israeli economy during the early statehood years deserve mention: Patinkin, Don. The Israel Economy: the First Decade. Jerusalem: Falk Project for Economic Research in Israel, Citation1965 (Hebrew); Halevi, Nadav, and Ruth Klinov‐Malul. The Economic Development of Israel. New York: Praeger, Citation1968; Horowitz, David. The Israeli Economy. Tel Aviv: Massada, Citation1954 (Hebrew) and others cited below. 3. In the Jewish sources, see Talmud Yerushalmi. Tractate Rosh Hashana. a:c, and midrash about the oven of Akhnai. Talmud Bavli. Bava Metzia. 59b. 4. By “public” I mean voices from both opposition and coalition. The main difference between those two sides was where the criticism was voiced. The opposition usually used the newspapers or the Knesset and the other side voiced its criticism behind closed doors. 5. Israel State Archives (hereinafter: ISA) ISA, Dov Joseph Archives (hereinafter: DJA), P 16/714. 6. ISA, C 10/25/2/202 (4). 7. ISA, file C 14/2/2/206. 8. ISA, file C 19/200. 9. ISA DJA, file P 14/728. 10. See also Central Zionist Archives (hereinafter: CZA), File S71/785. 11. For a detailed account of Joseph’s rationales, see ISA DJA, P 14/728. 12. ISA DJA, P 14/728 D. 13. ISA, DJA, P 16/714. 14. ISA, DJA. P 16/714. 15. Notably, per‐capita beef consumption was lower in Israel than in Turkey and Greece. In 1951–52, annual consumption was 10.7 kilograms in Israel, as against 12.4 in Greece, 16.4 in Turkey, 16.0 in Italy, 31.3–41.0 in Britain (1951) (in Britain, the lowest level was recorded in 1948 at an estimated 30.39 kilograms), and 56.5 in France. Reva‵on lekalkala September 1955. 24; Austerity in Britain. 36–37. 16. ISA, DJA, file P 19/714. 17. ISA. File C 8/17/200. 18. ISA, File C 215 /22/11. 19. ISA, File C22/11/215; Ben‐Gurion Archives (hereinafter: BGA), Minutes of Meetings. Writers’ remarks. 27 March 1949. 16. 20. Ben‐Gurion Archives, Correspondence file. Y. Dotan to Hannah Even Tov, 6 October 1950. 21. ISA, DJA, file P 16/714. 22. See also Ma‵ariv 22 February 1950; Ha’aretz 31 March 1950; Lahav, 483–84. 23. The meeting took place on Oct. 1, 1950. ISA, DJA. P 16/714. 24. See also ISA. file C 3913/5559. 25. ISA, DJA. P 15/714; ISA, file C22/11/215. 26. See also ISA, DJA, P 16/714; ISA, DJA. File “War on Black Market”, File “Consultation about Ways of Fighting the Black Market.” P 714; BGA, Correspondence Division, David Ben‐Gurion to Abraham Herzfeld. 15 October 1950. Personal Interview with Isser Har’el. 10 February 2000. 27. For more see CZA, File S71/785. 28. ISA, “Courts” file. C 1321/5433; ibid., DJA, file P 14/728. 29. CZA, file S71/785. 30. CZA, file S71/761A (vol. B); and file S71/785. See also ISA DJA, file P 728/14. 31. ISA, file C 1321/5433. 32. ISA DJA, file P 7/759. 33. ISA DJA, file P 2/762. 34. Ben‐Gurion Diary, 25 July 1952; See also ISA DJA, file P 14/728.
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