Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

X-ray structures of new dipeptide taste ligands

1998; Wiley; Volume: 4; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1099-1387(199806)4

1099-1387

Murray Goodman, Ralph–Heiko Mattern, Peter Gantzel Antonello Santini, Rosa Iacovino, Michele Saviano, Ettore Benedetti,

Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry

The molecular basis of sweet taste was investigated by carrying out the crystal state conformational analysis by X-ray diffraction of the following dipeptide taste igands:N-3,3-dimethylbutyl-aspartyl-phenylalanine methyl ester,I(N-DMB-Asp-Phe-OMe), its sodium salt (N-DMB-Asp-Phe-ONa),II, aspartyl-D-2-aminobutyric acid-(S)-α-ethylbenzylamide,III(Asp-D-Abu-(S)-α-ethylbenzylamide), aspartyl-N′-((2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanyl)-carbonyl)-(R)-1,1-diamino-ethane,IV(Asp-(R)-gAla-TMCP), and aspartyl-D-valine-(R)-α-methoxymethylbenzyl amide,V(Asp-D-Val-(R)-α-methoxymethylbenzylamide). With the exception of the sodium saltII, all compounds are sweet-tasting, showing in some cases considerable potency enhancement with respect to sucrose. The results of this study confirm the earlier model that an ‘L-shape’ molecular array is essential for eliciting sweet taste for dipeptide-like ligands. In addition, it was established that (i) substitution of the N-terminal group does not inhibit sweet taste, if its zwitterionic character is maintained; (ii) a hydrophobic group located between the stem and the base of the L-shape could be responsible for sweetness potency enhancement, as found inI, IIIandIV; in fact, the extraordinary potency of the N-alkylated analogueIwould support a model with an additional hydrophobic binding domain above the base of the ‘L’; (iii) removal of the methyl ester at the C-terminus of compoundIwith the salt formation gives rise to the tasteless compoundII; (iv) for the first time all possible side-chain conformers (g−,g+andt) for the N-substituted aspartyl residue were observed; and (v) a retro-inverso modification, incorporated at position 2 of the dipeptide chain, confers greater flexibility to the molecule, as demonstrated by the contemporary presence of six conformationally distinct independent molecules in the unit cell and yet sweet taste properties are maintained, as found inIV. © 1998 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.