Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Consociationalism and Intergovernmental Relations - Linking Internal and External Power-Sharing in the Swiss Federal Polity1

2006; Wiley; Volume: 12; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/j.1662-6370.2006.tb00053.x

1662-6370

Nicole Bolleyer,

Political Influence and Corporate Strategies

Swiss Political Science ReviewVolume 12, Issue 3 p. 1-34 Free Access Consociationalism and Intergovernmental Relations - Linking Internal and External Power-Sharing in the Swiss Federal Polity† Nicole Bolleyer, Corresponding Author Nicole Bolleyer European University Institute, Florence Nicole Bolleyer is a PhD student at the European University Institute and before has been an assistant at the University of Mannheim. In her dissertation project she develops a comparative approach to account for intergovernmental structures and dynamics in federal systems. Her major research interests are comparative federalism, institutional theory, concept formation, coalition theory and parties and party systems in Western Europe. She has published on intergovernmental relations, the parliamentarismpresidentialism- dichotomy and small parties. Recently, articles have been accepted by Regional and Federal Studies and West European Politics.European University Institute, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Badia Fiesolana, Via dei Roccettini 9, 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (Firenze); E-Mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Nicole Bolleyer, Corresponding Author Nicole Bolleyer European University Institute, Florence Nicole Bolleyer is a PhD student at the European University Institute and before has been an assistant at the University of Mannheim. In her dissertation project she develops a comparative approach to account for intergovernmental structures and dynamics in federal systems. Her major research interests are comparative federalism, institutional theory, concept formation, coalition theory and parties and party systems in Western Europe. She has published on intergovernmental relations, the parliamentarismpresidentialism- dichotomy and small parties. Recently, articles have been accepted by Regional and Federal Studies and West European Politics.European University Institute, Department of Political and Social Sciences, Badia Fiesolana, Via dei Roccettini 9, 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (Firenze); E-Mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 20 January 2011 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1662-6370.2006.tb00053.xCitations: 12 † This article is drawn from a larger comparative project on intergovernmental structures and dynamics in federal systems based at the European University Institute, Florence. Other aspects of the project have been analyzed in Bolleyer (2006) and Bolleyer (forthcoming). AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract For several decades, comparative politics has treated the Swiss political system as the prime example of a power-sharing polity in which consociationalism and cooperative intergovernmental relations co-exist in a mutually reinforcing manner. Surprisingly enough, so far the linkages between these two types of power-sharing have been neither adequately theorized nor empirically analyzed. In order to substantiate how intra-governmental power-sharing facilitates intergovernmental cooperation, this paper proposes a rational choice approach specifying different mechanisms driving actors' choices in favour of or against strong intergovernmental arrangements (IGAs). Just to mention two of the mechanisms at work: given multi-party executives in the cantons, over time, party compositions hardly change and ideological differences between cantonal executives are moderate. Hence, a fairly stable horizontal interest profile characterized by little ideological divergence facilitates the setting-up of strongly institutionalized IGAs. These mechanisms are examined empirically, first, by systematically assessing the organization of Swiss intergovernmental relations and second, by identifying the motives of Swiss intergovernmental actors to establish the given structures on the basis of in-depths interviews. While the results indicate that intra-cantonal power-sharing facilitates inter-governmental institutionalization, they also reveal what culturalist approaches on Swiss federalism presupposing actors' inclination towards cooperation commonly overlook, namely Swiss actors' strategic moves to guard own powers and defend institutional self-interests affecting organizational developments in the intergovernmental arena. References Abderhalden, Ursula (1999). Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der interkantonalen Zusammenarbeit. Universitätsverlag: Freiburg. Armingeon, Klaus (2000a). " Swiss Federalism in Comparative Perspective", in Ute Wachendorfer-Schmidt (ed.), Federalism and Political Performace., London: Routledge, pp. 112– 129. Armingeon, Klaus (2000b). " Corporatism and Consociational Democracy", in Hans Keman (ed.), Comparative Politics, New Directions in Theory and Method., London: Macmillan, pp. 143– 165. Armingeon, Klaus (2002). "The Effects of Negotiation Democracy. A Comparative Analysis", European Journal of Political Research 41(1): 81– 101. Benz, Arthur (2000). " Anmerkungen zur Diskussion über Verhandlungsdemokratie", in Everhard Holtmann und Helmut Voelzkow (Hrsg.). Zwischen Wettbewerbs- und Verhandlungsdemokratie. Analysen zum Regierungssystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, S. 215– 22. Benz, Arthur (2003). " Konstruktive Vetospieler in Mehrebenensystemen", in Renate Mayntz und Wolfgang Streeck (Hrsg.). Die Reformierbarkeit der Demokratie, Innovationen und Blockaden. Frankfurt, New York: Campus, S. 205– 238. Benz, Arthur, Fritz W. Scharpf und Reinhard Zintl (1992). Horizontale Politikverflechtung, Zur Theorie von Verhandlungssystemen. Frankfurt, New York: Campus. Bochsler, Daniel (2006). " Quantitative Analyse der Konkordate: Abkommen unter Nachbarn oder unter Freunden?", Working Paper, Université de Genève. Bochsler, Daniel, Christophe Koller, Pascal Sciarini, Sylvie Traimond und Ivar Trippolini (2004). Die Schweizer Kantone unter der Lupe: Behörden, Personal, Finanzen. Bern: Haupt. Bolleyer, Nicole (2006). "Federal Dynamics in Canada, the U.S. and Switzerland – How Substates' Internal Organization Affects Intergovernmental Relations", Publius: The Journal of Federalism 36(4): 1– 32. Bolleyer, Nicole Intergovernmental Arrangements in Spanish and Swiss Federalism: The Impact of Power-concentrating and Power-sharing Executives on Intergovernmental Institutionalization", Regional and Federal Studies [forthcoming]. Braun, Canisius (2004). Historisches Kantonsreferendum. Resultat der interkantonalen Zusammenarbeit?. URL: http:www.admin.chchdbkleges2004-1Braun.pdf. Dietmar Braun (ed.) (2000). Public Policy and Federalism. Aldershot: Ashgate. Czada, Roland (2000). " Konkordanz, Korporatismus und Politikverflechtung: Dimensionen der Verhandlungsdemokratie", in Everhard Holtmann und Helmut Voelzkow (Hrsg.). Zwischen Wettbewerbs- und Verhandlungsdemokratie. Analysen zum Regierungssystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 23– 52. Czada, Roland (2003). " Der Begriff der Verhandlungsdemokratie in der Vergleichenden Policy-Forschung", in Renate Mayntz und Wolfgang Streeck (Hrsg.). Die Reformierbarkeit der Demokratie, Innovationen und Blockaden. Frankfurt, New York: Campus, S. 173– 204. Daalder, Hans (1971). "On Building Consociational Nations: The Cases of Netherlands and Switzerland", International Social Science Journal 23(3): 355– 70. Daalder, Hans (1996). The Netherlands, Still a Case of Consociationalism? Wien: Institut für Höhere Studien. Dennison, G.Donald (2005). " Intergovernmental Mechanisms: What have we learned? Retrospective on the Conduct of Intergovernmental Relations", Review of Machinery and Processes of Relations among Governments in Canada, and their Evolution over the Years. Looking Backward, Thinking Forward, Institute of Intergovernmental Relations. Queen's University, May 12–14 2005. Fagagnini, Hans Peter (1978). "Die Rolle der Parteien auf kantonaler Ebene", Schweizer Jahrbuch für Politische Wissenschaft 18: 75– 94. Frenkel, Max (1986). " Interkantonale Institutionen und Politikbereiche", in Raimund E. Germann und Ernest Weibel (Hrsg.). Handbuch Politisches System der Schweiz. Bern: Haupt, S. 323– 42. Héritier, Adrienne (1996). " Institutions, Interests and Political Choice", in Roland Czada, Adrienne Héritier and Hans Keman (eds.), Institutions and Political Choice: On the Limits of Rationality., Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Press, pp. 27– 42. Konferenz der Kantonsregierungen (2003). Zusammenarbeit der Kantone mit dem Bund: Rahmenordnung über die Arbeitsweise der KdK und der Direktorenkonferenzen bezüglich der Kooperation mit dem Bund. Fassung 3. Oktober 2003. Ladner, Andreas (2001). "Swiss Political Parties: Between Persistence and Change", West European Politics 24(2): 123– 144. Ladner, Andreas und Michael Brändle (1999). Fact-Sheets zum Wandel der Schweizer Parteien, Ergebnisse aus dem Nationalfonds-Projekt "Die Schweizer Parteiorganisation im letzten Drittel des 20.Jahrhundert". Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Universität Bern. Lecours, André (2004). "Moreno's Multiple Ethnoterritorial Concurrence Model: A Reformulation", Regional and Federal Studies 14(1): 66– 88. Lehmbruch, Gerhard (1978). "Party and Federation in Germany: A Developmental Dilemma", Government and Opposition 13(2): 151– 177. Lehmbruch, Gerhard (1991). " Das konkordanzdemokratische Modell in der vergleichenden Analyse", in Helga Michalsky (Hg.). Politischer Wandel in konkordanzdemokratischen Systemen. Vaduz: Verlag der liechtensteinischen akademischen Gesellschaft, S. 13– 24. Lehmbruch, Gerhard (1993). "Consociational Democracy and Corporatism in Switzerland", Publius: The Journal of Federalism 23(2): 43– 60. Lehmbruch, Gerhard (2003). " Das deutsche Verbaendesystem zwischen Unitarismus und Föderalismus", in Renate Mayntz und Wolfgang Streeck (Hrsg.). Die Reformierbarkeit der Demokratie, Innovationen und Blockaden. Frankfurt, New York: Campus, S. 259– 290. Lijphart, Arend (1968). The Politics of Accomodation, Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands. Berkeley: University of California Press. Lijphart, Arend (1969). "Consociational Democracy", World Politics 21(2): 207– 225. Lijphart, Arend (1971). "Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method", American Political Science Review 65(3): 682– 693. Lijphart, Arend (1999). Patterns of Democracy. Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press. Linder, Wolf (1999). Repräsentation, Artikulation und Durchsetzung kantonaler Interessen im Ständerat und im Nationalrat. Studie im Auftrag der Parlamentsdienste der Schweizerischen Bundesversammlung. Bern: Universität Bern. Linder, Wolf und Adrian Vatter (2004). "Institutions and Outcomes of Swiss Federalism, The Role of the Cantons in Swiss Politics", West European Politics 24(2): 95– 122. Medienmitteilung (vom 24. Juni 2005) Ja zum Haus der Kantone. URL: http:www.kdk.chintkdkdemm.html. Minger, Thomas (2004). " Die Geschichte der Konferenz der Kantonsregierungen", in Konferenz der Kantonsregierungen (Hg.). 10 Jahre KdK, Standortbestimmung und Ausblick. Bern: Sekretariat Konferenz der Kantonsregierungen, S. 8– 11. Moreno, Luis (1999). " Asymmetry in Spain: Federalism in the Making?", in Robert Agranoff (ed.), Accomodating Diversity in Federal States., Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 149– 167. Neidhart, Leonhard (1970). Plebiszit und Pluralitäre Demokratie. Eine Analyse der Funktion des Schweizerischen Gesetzesreferendums. Bern: Francke Verlag. Neidhart, Leonhard (2001). " Elementare Bedingungen der Entwicklung des schweizerischen Föderalismus", in Arthur Benz und Gerhard Lehmbruch (Hrsg.). Föderalismus. Analysen in entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Perspektive. PVS Sonderheft 32, Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, S. 111– 33. Opeskin, Brian R. (2001). "Mechanisms for Intergovernmental Relations in Federations", International Science Journal 52(167): 129– 138. Poirier, Johanne (2004). " Intergovernmental Agreements in Canada: At the Crossroads Between Law and Politics", in J. Peter Meekison, Hamish Telford and Harvey Lazar (eds.), Reconsidering the Institutions of Canadian Federalism., Montreal, Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, pp. 425– 462. Sartori, Giovanni (1970). Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics. American Political Science Review 64(4): 1033– 1053. Scharpf, Fritz (1985). The Joint-Decision-Trap, Lessons from German Federalism and European Integration. Berlin. Scharpf, Fritz (1994). Optionen des Föderalismus in Deutschland und Europa. Frankfurt, New York: Campus. Scharpf, Fritz W. (1988). " Verhandlungssysteme, Verteilungskonflikte und Pathologien der politischen Steuerung", in Manfred G. Schmidt (Hg.). Staatstätigkeit, International und Historisch Vergleichende Analysen. PVS Sonderheft 19, Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, S. 62– 87. Scharpf, Fritz W. (1997). Games Real Actors Play. Actor-centered Institutionalism in Policy Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sciarini, Pascal (2005). Die interkantonale Zusammenarbeit ebnet den Weg für die Föderalismusre-form. URL: http:www.gov.chidheap.nsf /vwBaseDocuments/U1Pub01?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=1000&Expand=1. Simeon, Richard (1972). Federal-provincial diplomacy: The making of recent policy in Canada. Toronto, Buffalo: University of Toronto Press. Simeon, Richard (2001). "Adaptability and change in federations", International Science Journal 52: 145– 152. Simmons, Julie M. (2004). " Securing the Threads of Co-operation in the Tapestry of Intergovernmental Relations: Does the Institutionalization of Ministerial Conferences Matter?", in J. Peter Meekison, Hamish Telford and Harvey Lazar (eds.), Reconsidering the Institutions of Canadian Federalism, Montreal, Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, pp. 425– 462. Steiner, Jürg (1974). Amicable Agreement versus Majority Rule: Conflict Resolution in Switzerland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Strøm, Kaare (1990). Minority Government and Majority Rule. Cambrigde: Cambridge University Press. Thorlakson, Lori An Institutional Explanation of Party System Congruence: Evidence from six Federations", European Journal of Political Research [forthcoming]. Thorlakson, Lori (2006). Measuring Party Organization in Multilevel Systems [Manuscript under Review]. Trees, Patrick (2005). Die regionalen Regierungskonferenzen in der Schweiz – Stand und Entwicklung. University of Berne [Unpublished Manuscript]. Vatter, Adrian (2002). Kantonale Demokratien im Vergleich: Entstehungsgründe, Interaktionen und Wirkungen politischer Institutionen in den Schweizer Kantonen. Opladen: Leske+Budrich. Vatter, Adrian (2003). "Legislative Party Fragmentation in Swiss Cantons, A Function of Cleavage Structures or Electoral Institutions", Party Politics 9(4): 445– 461. Watts, Ronald L. (1999). " Comparing Federal Systems", Montreal, Kingston: Mc Gill-Queen's University Press. Wälti, Sonja (1996). "Institutional Reform of Federalism: Changing the Players Rather Than the Rules of the Game", Swiss Political Science Review 2(2): 113– 141. Wälti, Sonja (2003). "L'Effet des Rapports Financiers sur la Dynamique Fédérale: La Qualité Médiative du Fédéralisme Suisse", Revue suisse de science politique 9(1): 91– 108. Citing Literature Volume12, Issue3Autumn 2006Pages 1-34 ReferencesRelatedInformation