Artigo Revisado por pares

African American Homeschoolers: The Force of Faith and the Reality of Race in the Homeschooling Experience

2014; Routledge; Volume: 41; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/15507394.2014.899869

ISSN

1949-8381

Autores

Ama Mazama, Garvey Lundy,

Tópico(s)

Diverse Education Studies and Reforms

Resumo

Abstract While motivations for homeschooling have gained increased scholarly attention, there continues to be a general paucity of research on the motivations of homeschooling black parents, as the common and implicit assumption seems to be that African Americans' disengagement from the school system is dictated by reasons quite similar to those cited by European Americans. It is the purpose of this article to review the religious motivations of African American homeschoolers. Christian religious factors consistently rank high among motivations to homeschool. However, African American Christian homeschoolers often stand out given the racist nature of the society in which they live. Thus, their views as Christian homeschoolers are often embedded within a narrative informed by a demand for racial justice and cultural dignity. Of particular interest to us in this article is the interplay between the denominational affiliation of African American homeschoolers and their inclusion/exclusion of information pertaining to African American history and culture in their children's studies. KEYWORDS: fundamentalismhomeschoolingracismreligion Notes Milton Gathier, Homeschool: An American History (London: Palgrave McMillan, 2007); Brian Ray, "Academic Achievement and Demographic Traits of homeschool Students: A Nationwide Study," Academic Leadership Journal 8 (2010), retrieved from http://www.academicleadership.org S. Grady and S. Bielick, Trends in the Use of School Choice: 1993–2007. (Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, 2010), retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010004.pdf Sandy Coleman, "Home Schooling Is Increasing among African Americans," in Home Schooling at Issue, ed. Cindy Mur (San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2003), 22–25; Leslie Fulbright, "Blacks Take Education into Their Own Hands," San Francisco Chronicle, June 1, 2006, A-1; Ray, 2010. Venus Taylor, "Behind the Trend: Increases in Homeschooling among African Americans Families," in Home Schooling in Full View: A Reader, ed. Bruce Cooper (Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2005), 121–134; Gathier, 2007. Tracy Romm, "Homeschooling and the Transmission of Civic Culture," (PhD. dissertation, Clark Atlanta University, 1993); Gwendolyn Llewellyn, ed., Freedom Challenge: African American Homeschoolers (Eugene, OR: Lowry House, 1996); C. Fields-Smith and M. Williams, "Motivations, Sacrifices, and Challenges: Black Parents' Decisions to Home School," Urban Review 41 (2009): 369–389. Sarah Grady et al., 2010. See, for example, Mary Ann Pittman, "Compulsory Education and Homeschooling," Education and Urban Society 19 (1987): 280–289; Jane Van Galen, "Ideologues and Pedagogues: Parents Who Teach Their Children at Home," in Homeschooling: Political, Historical and Pedagogical Perspectives, eds. Jane. Van Galen and Mary Ann Pittman (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1991), 67–92; Gary J. Knowles, "Introduction: The Context of Home Schooling in the United States," Education and Urban Society 21, no. 5 (1988): 5–15; C. Lange and K. Liu, Homeschooling: Parents' Reasons for Transfer and the Implications for Educational Policy (Report No 29), (Minneapolis, MN: National Center on Educational Outcomes, 1999); S. McDowell, A. Sanchez, and S. Jones, "Participation and Perception: Looking at Home Schooling Through a Multicultural Lens," Peabody Journal of Education 75 (2000): 124–146; Susan Bielick et al., "Homeschooling in the United States," Education Statistics Quarterly 3 (1999): 1–12; Maralee Mayberry, "Home-Based Education in the United States: Demographics, Motivations, and Educational Implications," Educational Review, 41 (1989): 171–180; Ed Collom, "The Ins and Outs of Homeschooling: The Determinants of Parental Motivations and Student Achievement," Education and Urban Society 37 (2005): 307–335; Christa Green et al., "Why Do Parents Home-School? A Systematic Examination of Parental Involvement," Education & Urban Society 39 (2007): 264–285; Eric Isenberg, "What Have We Learned about Homeschooling?" Peabody Journal of Education 82 (2007): 387–409; C. Ice and Hoover-Dempsey, "Outcomes in Homeschooling and Public Schooling Settings," Education and Urban Society 43 (2011): 339–369. Van Galen, 1991. Romm, 1993; Llewellyn, 1996; McDowell et al., 2000; Field-Smith et al., 2009. McDowell et al., 2000, 130. Joe Feagin Racist America: Roots, Current Realities and Future Reparations (New York: Routledge, 2010). Eric Lincoln et al., The Black Church in the African American Experience (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1990): 47. James Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1988). Feagin, 2010. Pew Research Center's Forum on Religion & Public Life 2007, U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, retrieved from http://religions.pewforum.org/ D. G. Hart, "The Tie that Divides: Presbyterian Ecumenism, Fundamentalism and the History of Twentieth-Century American Protestantism," Westminster Theological Journal 60 (1998): 85–107. Amy Binder, Contentious Curricula, Afrocentrism and Creationism in American Public Schools (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002): 38. Ibid. Anselm Strauss, Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987). S. Aud, W. Hussar, G. Kena, K. Bianco, L. Frohlich, J. Kemp, and K. Tahan, The Condition of Education 2011 (NCES 2011-033) (Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education). A. Mazama and G. Lundy, "African American Homeschooling as Racial Protectionism," Journal of Black Studies 43 (2012): 723–748. Edward Gilbreath, Reconciliation Blues: A Black Evangelical's Inside View of White Christianity (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books, 2006). Van Galen, 1991. Isenberg, 2007, 398. Binder, 2002. Robert Kunzman, "Homeschooling and Religious Fundamentalism," International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education 3 (2010): 24. A. Mazama and G. Lundy, 2012. Sarah Grady et al., 2010. A. Mazama and G. Lundy, "African American Homeschooling and the Quest for a Quality Education," Education and Urban Society (2013). doi: 0013124513495273. Taylor, 2005. Anderson, 1988; Kofi Lomotey, ed., Encyclopedia of African American Education (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2010). Anderson, 1988. John T. Gatto, The Underground History of American Education (New York: The Oxford Village Press, 2006), 53. Additional informationNotes on contributorsAma Mazama Ama Mazama is Associate Professor in the Department of African American Studies at Temple University. Her research interests include African American culture, identity, and agency. E-mail: amazama@gmail.com Garvey Lundy Garvey Lundy is Assistant Professor in the Social Sciences Division at Montgomery County Community College. His main research interest is African American education as a quest for self-improvement.

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