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Physical urticaria/angioedema: An experimental model of mast cell activation in humans

1980; Elsevier BV; Volume: 66; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/0091-6749(80)90114-1

1097-6825

Nicholas A. Soter, Stephen I. Wasserman,

Mast cells and histamine

Urticuriu and ungioedema may occur in skin and mucus membranes when must cells are uc.tivated by various physical stimuli, including trauma, pressure, b,ibrution, light, cold, heat, and (in rare cases) water.Experimentul challenge of putients with cold-induced und cholinergic urticarialangioedemu in particular provides an in vivo model of mast cell activation in humans.This model synthesizes observations qf the evolution of clinicul manijestations, histologic anul~si.~of' tissue ulterations, measurement of mediators released into the circulation, and ussessment of leukocyte motility.The model in turn ullow~s a characterization of mediators that exist prqformed in mast cell grunules or that are generuted through interactions with other cell ~/MS.Releuse of these mediutors produces u vurieg of biologic eflects, including elaborution of certain enzymes and alterutions in ~~enulur permeability, smooth muscle contraction.leukocyte motility.und the release of substunces jiiom other cell types.Mast cells occur about venules of the skin and respiratory tract as well as within the epithelium in respiratory tissue.They are thus located so that they can interact with foreign materials or physical stimuli contacting the individual at exposed surfaces.In the skin and mucus membranes, reactions occurring after the activation of mast cells by physical stimuli are known as physical urticaria/angioedema (Table I).The IgEdependent nature of some but not all forms of physical urticaria/angioedema has been demonstrated by passive transfer (Prausnitz-Kiistner reaction).The cutaneous edema may be superficial or deep.Urticaria appears as circumscribed, elevated, erythematous, usually pruritic, areas of cutaneous edema that involve the superficial portions of the dermis.