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From Caporetto to Garibaldiland : interventionist war culture as a culture of defeat

2008; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 15; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/13507480802500400

1469-8293

Mark T. Jones,

Intelligence, Security, War Strategy

Abstract This article traces the evolution of interventionist war culture during the period beginning with the defeat of Caporetto and ending with the occupation of Fiume. As a result of the invasion of Italy, interventionists were subject to a cultural crisis concerning the meaning of the war. It is argued here that this cultural crisis may be conceptualised as a culture of defeat. Understanding culture as fluid and existing in a state of tension with itself, the article shows how the intersection of interventionists' war culture with military and political events produced cultural phases allowing interventionists to understand and respond to their volatile experience. Keywords: culture of defeatwar cultureinterventionismMussolini 1917–1919CaporettoArditiFiume Acknowledgements I am very grateful to John Horne, Jenny Macleod and Vanda Wilcox for sharing work with me before publication. This article developed from a paper presented at a Graduate conference 'New Political History in Transnational Perspective', held at the European University Institute, 15–16 February 2008. My thanks to all of the participants and especially Roger Chickering, who commented on the earlier paper. I should also like to thank Heinz-Gerhard Haupt for his supervision and Niall Whelehan with whom I shared the panel. Notes 1. Horne Horne, John, ed. 1997. State, Society and Mobilization in Europe during the First World War, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], State, Society and Mobilization in Europe during the First World War. 2. Schivelbusch Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. 2001. Die Kultur der Niederlage. Der amerikanische Süden 1865, Frankreich 1871, Deutschland 1918, Berlin: Alexander Fest Verlag. [Google Scholar], Die Kultur der Niederlage. , Defeat and Memory. 3. For an exception see Wilcox Wilcox, Vanda. 2008. 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