Paraphenylenediamine in black henna temporary tattoos: 12-year Food and Drug Administration data on incidence, symptoms, and outcomes
2015; Elsevier BV; Volume: 72; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.031
ISSN1097-6787
AutoresAlina Goldenberg, Sharon E. Jacob,
Tópico(s)Biological Activity of Diterpenoids and Biflavonoids
ResumoParaphenylenediamine (PPD) became 1 of the 5 chemicals labeled as “strong sensitizers” by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (formerly designated by the Food and Drug Administration [FDA]) in 1961, 1 Pollitzer PM, Kameros AJ. Hazardous substances and articles; Administration and enforcement regulations: Final rule; Revisions to supplemental definition of “strong sensitizer”. FHSA, 15 USC. 1261; August 12th, 1961. Available from: URL: http://www.cpsc.gov//Global/Newsroom/FOIA/Records-of-Commission-Action-and-Meeting-Minutes/2014/Final%20Rule%20RevisionofStrongSensitizerSupplementalDefinition012914.pdf. Accessed December 23, 2014. Google Scholar but reports of reactions date back to the late 19th century, when it first appeared in hair dye. 2 Conde-Salazar L. Baz M. Guimaraens D. Cannavo A. Contact dermatitis in hairdressers: patch test results in 379 hairdressers (1980-1993). Am J Contact Dermat. 1995; 6: 19-23 Crossref Scopus (55) Google Scholar Currently, PPD in cosmetics meant for the skin is prohibited, and is limited in hair dye to 6%; however, it continues to be found in unregulated temporary tattoos and black henna products at alarming levels—ranging up to almost 30%. 3 Brancaccio R.R. Brown L.H. Chang Y.T. Fogelman J.P. Mafong E.A. Cohen D.E. Identification and quantification of para-phenylenediamine in a temporary black henna tattoo. Am J Contact Dermat. 2002; 13: 15-18 Crossref PubMed Scopus (138) Google Scholar , 4 Kang I.J. Lee M.H. Quantification of para-phenylenediamine and heavy metals in henna dye. Contact Dermatitis. 2006; 55: 26-29 Crossref PubMed Scopus (79) Google Scholar , 5 Al-Suwaidi A. Ahmed H. Determination of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) in henna in the United Arab Emirates. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010; 7: 1681-1693 Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar
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