The blood‐lymph barrier in the liver. A review based on morphological and functional concepts of normal and cirrhotic liver
1984; Wiley; Volume: 4; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00932.x
ISSN1600-0676
AutoresJens H. Henriksen, Thomas Horn, Per Christoffersen,
Tópico(s)Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
ResumoLiverVolume 4, Issue 4 p. 221-232 Free Access The blood-lymph barrier in the liver. A review based on morphological and functional concepts of normal and cirrhotic liver Jens H. Henriksen, Corresponding Author Jens H. Henriksen Departments of Clinical Physiology and Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Physiology Bispebjerg Hospital Bispebjerg Bakke 23 DK-2400 Copenhagen NV DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorThomas Horn, Thomas Horn Departments of Clinical Physiology and Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorPer Christoffersen, Per Christoffersen Departments of Clinical Physiology and Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author Jens H. Henriksen, Corresponding Author Jens H. Henriksen Departments of Clinical Physiology and Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Physiology Bispebjerg Hospital Bispebjerg Bakke 23 DK-2400 Copenhagen NV DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorThomas Horn, Thomas Horn Departments of Clinical Physiology and Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this authorPer Christoffersen, Per Christoffersen Departments of Clinical Physiology and Pathology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1984 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0676.1984.tb00932.xCitations: 46AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Aukland K., Nicolaysen G. Interstitial fluid volume. Local regulatory mechanisms. Physiol Rev 1981: 61: 556– 643. 2 C. Crone, N A Lassen (eds) Alfred Benzon Symposium II: Capillary permeability. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1970. 3 Bennet H S, Luft J H, Hampton J C. Morphological classification of vertebrate blood capillaries. Am J Physiol 1959: 196: 381– 390. 4 Fawcett D W. Observations on the cytology and electron microscopy of hepatic cells. J Nat Cancer Inst 1955: 15: 1457– 1502. 5 Bruni C., Porter K R. The fine structure of the parenchymal cell of the normal rat liver. I. General considerations. Am J Pathol 1965: 56: 691– 775. 6 Wisse E. An electron microscopic study of the fenestrated endothelial lining of rat liver sinusoids. J Ultrastruct Res 1970: 31: 125– 150. 7 Orci L., Matter A., Rouiller C. A comparative study of freeze-etch replicas and thin sections of rat liver. J Ultrastruc Res 1971: 35: 1– 19. 8 Rappaport A M. The microcirculatory hepatic unit. Microvasc Res 1973: 5: 212– 228. 9 Brooks S E H, Haggis G H. Scanning electron microscopy of rat's liver: Application of freeze-fracture and freeze-drying techniques. Lab Invest 1973: 29: 60– 64. 10 Motta P., Porter K R. Structure of rat liver sinusoids and associated tissue spaces as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Cell Tiss Res 1974: 148: 111– 125. 11 Itosthima T., Kobayashi T., Shimada Y., Murakani T. Fenestrated endothelium of the liver sinusoids of the guinea pig as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Arch Histol Jpn 1974: 37: 15– 24. 12 Grisham J W, Nopanitaya J., Compagno J., Nägel A E H. Scanning electron microscopy of normal rat liver. The surface structure of its cells and tissue components. Am J Anat 1975: 144: 295– 322. 13 Nopanitaya W., Grisham J W. Scanning electron microscopy of mouse intrahepatic structures. Exp Molec Pathol 1975: 23: 441– 458. 14 Nopanitaya W., Brown R E, Grisham J V, Carson J L. Ultrastructural alterations in sinusoidal endothelial fenestra as a result of hypoxia. Proc. 34th Ann Elec Microsc Amer. Meeting, 1976: 168– 169. 15 Migai K., Abraham J L, Linthecum D S, Wagner R M. Scanning electron microscopy of hepatic ultrastructure. Lab Invest 1976: 35: 369– 376. 16 Nopanitaya W., Grisham J W, Lesesne H. A preliminary assessment of the use of scanning electron microscopy for diagnostic evaluation of liver biopsies. Scanning Electron Microsc 1977: 2: 159– 170. 17 H. Frenzel, B. Kremer, H. Hücker The liver sinusoids under various pathological conditions. A TEM and SEM study of rat liver after respiratory hypoxia, Telecobolt-irradiation and endotoxin application. In: E. Wisse, D L Knook eds. Kupffer cells and other liver sinusoidal cells. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1977: 153– 162. 18 Muto M., Nishi M., Fujita T. Scanning electron microscopy of human liver sinusoids. Arch Histol Jpn 1977: 40: 137– 151. 19 Vonnahme F J. An improved method for transparenchymal fixation of human liver biopsies for scanning electron microscopy. Scanning Electron Microsc 1980: 31: 177– 180. 20 Makabe S., Motta P M. Scanning electron microscopy of foetal liver sinusoids in humans. Folia Morphol (Praha) 1980: 28: 85– 87. 21 Vonnahme F J, Müller C. A scanning electron microscopic study of the liver of the monkey, Macacar speciosa. I. Vascular system of the hepatic lobules. Cell Tiss Res 1981: 215: 193– 205. 22 P M. Motta Scanning electron microscopy of the liver. In: H. Popper, F. Schaffner ed. Progress in liver diseases. New York, London, Paris: Grune & Stratton, 1982: 1– 16. 23 De Leeuw A M, Barelds R K, De Zanger R., Knook D L. Primary cultures of endothelial cells of the rat liver. A model for ultrastructural and functional studies. Cell Tiss Res 1982: 223: 201– 215. 24 Miller D L, Zanolli C S, Gumucio J J. Quantitative morphology of the sinusoids of the hepatic acinus. Gastroenterology 1979: 76: 965– 969. 25 E D Wisse, R. Zanger, R. Jacobs Lobular gradients in endothelial fenestrae and sinusoidal diameter favour centrilobular exchange processes: A scanning EM study. In: D L Knook, E D Wisse eds. Sinusoidal liver cells. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press, 1982: 61– 67. 26 Kardon R H, Kessel R G. Three-dimensional organization of the hepatic microcirculation in the rodent as observed by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. Gastroenterology 1980: 79: 72– 81. 27 Leak L V. Electron microscopic observations on lymphatic capillaries and the structural components of the connective tissue-lymph interface. Microvasc Res 1970: 2: 361– 391. 28 Leak L V. The transport of exogenous peroxidase across the blood-tissue-lymph interface. J Ultrastruct Res 1972: 39: 24– 42. 29 Starling E H. The production and absorption of lymph. In: E A Schäfer, J. Young, eds. Text-book of physiology. Edinburgh, Pentland, 1898: 215– 311. 30 Grotte G. Passage of dextran molecules across the blood-lymph barrier. Acta Chir Scand 1956: Suppl. 211. 31 Mayerson H S, Wolfram C G, Shirley H H, Wasserman K. Regional differences in capillary permeability. Am J Physiol 1960: 198: 155– 160. 32 Brauer R W, Holloway R K, Leong G F. Changes in liver function and structure due to experimental passive congestion under controlled hepatic vein pressure. Am J Physiol 1959: 197: 681– 692. 33 Greenway C F, Lautt W W. Effects of hepatic venous pressure on transsinusoidal fluid transfer in the liver of the anesthetized cat. Circ Res 1970: 26: 697– 703. 34 Laine G A, Hall J T, Laine S H, Granger H J. Transsinusoidal fluid dynamics in canine liver. Circ Res 1979: 45: 317– 323. 35 Henriksen J H, Parving H-H, Christiansen L. Increased transvascular escape rate of albumin during experimental portal and hepatic venous hypertension in the pig. Relation to findings in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1981: 41: 289– 299. 36 Henriksen, J H, Parving H-H, Lassen N A, Winkler K. Increased transvascular escape rate and lymph drainage of albumin in pigs during intravenous diuretic medication. Relation to treatment in man and transport mechanisms. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1982: 42: 423– 429. 37 Bill A. Plasma protein dynamics: albumin and IgG capillary permeability, extravascular movement and regional blood flow in unanesthetized rabbits. Acta Physiol Scand 1977: 101: 28– 42. 38 Granger D N, Miller T., Allen R., Parker R E, Parker J C, Taylor A E. Permselectivity of cat liver blood-lymph barrier to endogenous macromolecules. Gastroenterology 1979: 77: 103– 109. 39 Goresky C A. The interstitial space in the liver. Its partitioning effect. In: C. Crone, N A Lassen, eds. Alfred Benson Symposium II: Capillary permeability. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1970. 40 Larsen O A, Tygstrup N., Winkler K. The splanchnic hematocrit in man. Acta Physiol Scand 1963: 57: 397– 406. 41 Henriksen J H. Permselectivity of the liver blood-lymph (ascitic fluid) barrier to macromolecules in decompensated cirrhosis: relation to calculated pore-size. Clin Physiol 1983: 3: 163– 171. 42 Yoffey J M, Courtice F C. Lymphatics, lymph and the lymphomyeloid complex. London & New York: Academic Press, 1970. 43 A C Guyton, A E Tayler, H J Granger (eds). Circulatory physiology II: dynamics and control of the body fluids. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: W. B. Saunders Company, 1975. 44 Lassen N A, Parving H-H, Rossing N. Filtration as the main mechanism of overall transcapillary protein escape from the plasma. Microvasc Res 1974: 7: i– iv. 45 Henriksen J H, Parving H-H, Lassen N A, Winkler K. Filtration as the main mechanism of increased protein extravasation in liver cirrhosis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1980: 40: 121– 128. 46 Popper H. Pathologic aspects of cirrhosis. A review. Am J Pathol 1977: 87: 228– 264. 47 Scheuer P J. Cirrhosis. In: R N M MacSween, P P Anthony, P J Scheuer, eds. Pathology of the liver. Edinburgh, London and New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1979: 258– 271. 48 Schaffner F., Popper H. Capillarization of hepatic sinusoids in man. Gastroenterology 1963: 44: 239– 242. 49 Stenger, R J. Fibrogenesis along the hepatic sinusoids in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. An ultramicroscopic study. Exp Molec Pathol 1965: 4: 357– 369. 50 Orrego H., Medline A., Blendis L M, Rankin J G, Kreaden D A. Collagenisation of the Disse space in alcoholic liver disease. Gut 1979: 20: 673– 679. 51 Egushi T., Ikejiri N., Kawaguchi M., Miyahodo V., Abe H., Tanikawa K. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations of human and rat liver sinusoids in liver cirrhosis. J Clin Electron Microsc 1975: 8: 5– 6. 52 Nopanitaya W., Grisham J W, Carson J L, Dotson M M. Surface features of cirrhotic liver. Virchows Arch (Pathol Anat) 1976: 372: 97– 108. 53 Tanikawa K., Ikejiri N. Fine structural alterations of the sinusoidal lining cells in various liver diseases. In: E. Wisse, D L Knook, eds. Kupffer cells and other liver sinusoidal cells. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1977: 153– 162. 54 Huet P-M, Goresky C A, Villeneuve J-P, Marleau D. Assessment of liver microcirculation in human cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 1982: 70: 1234– 1244. 55 Henriksen J H, Lassen N A, Parving H-H, Winkler K. Filtration as the main transport mechanism of protein exchange between plasma and the peritoneal cavity in hepatic cirrhosis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1980: 40: 503– 513. 56 Witte M H, Witte C L, Dumont A E. Estimated net transcapillary water and protein flux in the liver and intestine of patients with portal hypertension from hepatic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1981: 80: 265– 272. 57 Dumont A E, Mulholland J H. Flow rate and composition of thoracic-duct lymph in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1960: 263: 471– 474. 58 Larsen O A, Winkler K., Tygstrup N. "Extra" plasma in the liver calculated from the hepatic hematocrit in patients with porta-caval anastomosis. Clin Sci 1963: 25: 357– 360. 59 Henriksen J H. Protein kinetic and haemodynamic studies in patients with liver cirrhosis. Evidence of a lymph-imbalance theory of ascites formation. Clin Physiol 1983: 1: 565– 578. 60 Baggenstoss A H, Cain J C. The hepatic hilar lymphatics of man. Their relation to ascites. N Engl J Med 1956: 256: 531– 535. Citing Literature Volume4, Issue4August 1984Pages 221-232 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)