Dietary Supplements and Mortality Rate in Older Women
2011; American Medical Association; Volume: 171; Issue: 18 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1001/archinternmed.2011.445
ISSN1538-3679
Autores Tópico(s)Trace Elements in Health
ResumoBackground: Although dietary supplements are commonly taken to prevent chronic disease, the long-term health consequences of many compounds are unknown. Methods:We assessed the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in relation to total mortality in 38 772 older women in the Iowa Women's Health Study; mean age was 61.6 years at baseline in 1986.Supplement use was selfreported in 1986, 1997, and 2004.Through December 31, 2008, a total of 15 594 deaths (40.2%) were identified through the State Health Registry of Iowa and the National Death Index.Results: In multivariable adjusted proportional hazards regression models, the use of multivitamins (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10;absolute risk increase, 2.4%), vitamin B 6 (1.10; 1.01-1.21;4.1%), folic acid (1.15; 1.00-1.32;5.9%), iron (1.10; 1.03-1.17;3.9%), magnesium (1.08; 1.01-1.15;3.6%), zinc (1.08; 1.01-1.15;3.0%), and cop-per (1.45; 1.20-1.75;18.0%) were associated with increased risk of total mortality when compared with corresponding nonuse.Use of calcium was inversely related (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.94;absolute risk reduction, 3.8%).Findings for iron and calcium were replicated in separate, shorter-term analyses (10year, 6-year, and 4-year follow-up), each with approximately 15% of the original participants having died, starting in 1986, 1997, and 2004.Conclusions: In older women, several commonly used dietary vitamin and mineral supplements may be associated with increased total mortality risk; this association is strongest with supplemental iron.In contrast to the findings of many studies, calcium is associated with decreased risk.
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