Solving the Statebuilders’ Dilemma
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 35; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/0163660x.2012.642295
ISSN1530-9177
Autores Tópico(s)Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. “Growth in Afghanistan,” The World Bank, http://go.worldbank.org/JN66MR9750. 2. “Poverty Status in Afghanistan,” Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Ministry of Economy and The World Bank, July 2010, p. 78, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/AFGHANISTANEXTN/Resources/305984-1264608805475/6739619-1286210806756/AFPovertyReport.pdf. 3. Hamid Shalizi, “Afghan Security Transition to Start in Seven Areas,” Reuters, March 22, 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/22/us-afghanistan-transition-idUSTRE72L15C20110322. 4. See, for example, Julius Cavendish, “The Kandahar Warlord who has Presidential Protection,” The Independent, April 3, 2010, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-kandahar-warlord-who-has-presidential-protection-1934731.html; Matthew Rosenberg, “Corruption Suspected in Airlift of Billions in Cash From Kabul,” The Wall Street Journal, June 25, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704638504575318850772872776.html; Dexter Filkins and Alissa J. Rubin, “Graft-Fighting Prosecutor Fired in Afghanistan,” The New York Times, August 28, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/world/asia/29afghan.html; Alissa J. Rubin and Carlotta Gall, “Widespread Fraud Seen in Latest Afghan Elections,” The New York Times, September 24, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/25/world/asia/25afghan.html; Tom A. Peter, “Does a Return to Warlord Rule Await Post-NATO Afghanistan?” The Christian Science Monitor, August 8, 2011, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/44064581/ns/world_news-christian_science_monitor/t/does-return-warlord-rule-await-post-nato-afghanistan/#.TqmvJXL6PKc; and “Norway Freezes Aid to Afghanistan over Corruption,” Agence France-Presse, September 6, 2011, http://ukforcesafghanistan.wordpress.com/2011/09/06/dawn-comafp-norway-freezes-aid-to-afghanistan-over-corruption/. 5. OECD, “Concepts and Dilemmas of State Building in Fragile Situations: From Fragility To Resilience,” 2008, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/51/41100930.pdf. 6. The Dayton Peace Agreement, http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bureaus/eur/dayton/13Annex10.html. 7. James Dobbins et al., America's Role in Nation-Building: From Germany to Iraq (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2003), p. 94. 8. Gerald Knaus and Felix Martin, “Lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina: Travails of the European Raj,” Journal of Democracy, July 2003, pp. 62 and 68, http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/KnausandMartin.pdf. 9. Gerald Knaus and Felix Martin, “Lessons from Bosnia and Herzegovina: Travails of the European Raj,” Journal of Democracy, July 2003, pp. 62 and 68, http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/KnausandMartin.pdf., p. 61. 10. Dobbins et al., p. 115. 11. Dobbins et al., p. 115., pp. 121–122. 12. Simon Chesterman, You, The People: The United Nations, Transitional Administration, and State-Building (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 82–83. 13. See, for example: Richard Caplan, “The Exercise of International Authority in State Building: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina,” paper presented at the annual International Studies Association Convention, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, March 18, 2004, http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/7/4/4/8/pages74488/p74488-1.php. 14. Roland Paris, At War's End: Building Peace after Civil Conflict (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 179. 15. Francis Fukuyama, “‘Stateness’ First,” Journal of Democracy, January 2005, pp. 87–88. 16. Ashraf Ghani and Clare Lockhart, Fixing Failed States (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). 17. UN Security Council, “Security Council Unanimously Endorses Five-Year ‘Afghanistan Compact’ Aimed at Bolstering Security, Development, Counter-Narcotics Efforts,” February 15, 2006, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8641.doc.htm. 18. Alissa J. Rubin and Mark Landler, “Karzai Sworn In for Second Term as President,” The New York Times, November 20, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/world/asia/20afghan.html. 19. Philippe C. Schmitter, “The Quality of Democracy: The Ambiguous Virtues of Accountability,” European University Institute, September 2003, http://www.eui.eu/Documents/DepartmentsCentres/SPS/Profiles/Schmitter/Accountability.pdf. 20. Andreas Schedler, “Conceptualizing Accountability,” in The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies, eds. Andreas Schedler, Larry Diamond, and Marc F. Plattner (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999). 21. Take, for example, the U.S. decision in 2007 to set “benchmarks” for the Iraqi government to meet in return for receiving U.S. taxpayer largesse. The message to the Iraqi government was that it must prioritize U.S. demands over the needs of its own population, should there be a divergence between the two. See “U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans’ Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007,” http://waysandmeans.house.gov/media/pdf/tax/HR_2206_text.pdf. 22. Jerome Starkey, Giles Whittell, and James Bone, “Hamid Karzai Faces Another Ballot after 1m Votes Ruled Out,” The Times, October 20, 2009, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/afghanistan/article6881718.ece. 23. Rubin and Gall, “Widespread Fraud Seen in Latest Afghan Elections.” 24. J. Alexander Thier, “The Making of a Constitution in Afghanistan,” New York Law School Law Review 51, 2006/2007, http://www.nyls.edu/user_files/1/3/4/17/49/NLR51-309.pdf. 25. Alexander Thier, “The Making of a Constitution in Afghanistan,” New York Law School Law Review 51, 2006/2007, http://www.nyls.edu/user_files/1/3/4/17/49/NLR51-309.pdf., p. 569. 26. Antonio Giustozzi, Empires of Mud: Wars and Warlords in Afghanistan (London: Hurst & Company, 2009), p. 259. 27. Antonio Giustozzi, “‘Good’ State versus ‘Bad’ Warlords? A Critique of State-Building Strategies in Afghanistan,” Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics, October 2004, http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/13314/1/wp51.pdf. 28. Sarah Chayes, The Punishment of Virtue: Inside Afghanistan after the Taliban (New York: The Penguin Press, 2006), p. 169. 29. Cavendish, “The Kandahar Warlord who has Presidential Protection.” 30. Kathy Gannon, “Afghan President's Brother is Lightning Rod,” The Associated Press, November 18, 2009, http://www.realclearworld.com/news/ap/international/2009/Nov/18/afghan_president_s_brother_is_lightning_rod.html. 31. Dexter Filkins, “Despite Doubt, Karzai Brother Retains Power,” The New York Times, March 31, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/31/world/asia/31karzai.html. 32. Tim McGirk, “Can the U.S. Learn to Live with Karzai?” Time Magazine, May 16, 2010, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1989547,00.html. 33. Vito Tanzi and Hamid Davoodi, “Corruption, Public Investment, and Growth,” in Governance, Corruption and Economic Performance, eds. George T. Abed and Sanjeev Gupta (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 2002); Shang-Jin Wei, “How Taxing is Corruption on International Investors?” The Review of Economics and Statistics 82, no. 1 (2000); Sanjeev Gupta et al., “Does Corruption Affect Income Inequality and Poverty?” Economics of Governance 3 (2002). 34. Andrew Wilder and Stuart Gordon, “Money Can't Buy America Love,” Foreign Policy, December 1, 2009, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/12/01/money_cant_buy_america_love?page=0,1. 35. Ashraf Ghani, keynote address at “Addressing the Accountability Gap in Statebuilding: The Case of Afghanistan,” Stanford University, February 25, 2011, http://cddrl.stanford.edu/news/advancing_a_new_narrative_for_statebuilding_in_afghanistan_20110315. Additional informationNotes on contributorsBen RowswellBen Rowswell served as Representative of Canada in Kandahar from 2009 to 2010. The personal opinions expressed in this article are those of the author alone, and they do not necessarily represent the policies or views of the Government of Canada
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