Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Voting and Indigenous disappearance

2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 3; Issue: 3-04 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/2201473x.2013.810698

2201-473X

Andrea Smith,

Indigenous Studies and Ecology

AbstractThis paper will explore the ambivalence within the Native communities about the right to vote through an engagement with critical race theory. In particular this paper analyzes the relationship between anti-Native and anti-Black racisms through an assessment of US court cases’ deployment of citizenship and voting in articulating these distinct racializations. Notes1. Robert B. Porter, ‘The Demise of the Ongwehoweh and the Rise of the Native Americans: Redressing the Genocidal Act of Forcing American Citizenship upon Indigenous Peoples’, 15 Harv. BlackLetter L. J. 5 (Spring 1999): 107, 128.2. Rey Chow, Protestant Ethnic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002); Dylan Rodriguez, Suspended Apocalypse (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009); Denise Da Silva, Toward a Global Idea of Race (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007); Anne McClintock, Imperial Leather (New York: Routledge, 1995); Saidiya Hartmann (Oxford, 1997). Antonio Viego, Dead Subjects (Durham & London: Duke University Press, 2007).3. Silva, supra note 2.4. Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Golden Gulag (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2007), 28.5. Andrea Smith, ‘Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy’, in The Color of Violence: The Incite! Anthology (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2006).6. Ibid.7. Patrick Wolfe, Settler Colonialism and the Transformation of Anthropology (London: Cassell Press, 1999), 2.8. Doug Massey and Nancy Denton, American Apartheid (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).9. Myla Vicenti Carpio, Indigenous Albuquerque (Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech Press, 2010); Renya Ramirez, Native Hubs (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007).10. E. Raymond Evans, ‘Fort Marr Blackhouse’, Journal of Cherokee Studies 2, no. 2 (1977): 256, 259.11. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, 403, 15 L. Ed. 691 (1856).12. Ibid., 407–8, 15 L. Ed. 691 (1856).13. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, 475–7, 15 L. Ed. 691 (1856).14. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, 403–4, 15 L. Ed. 691 (1856).15. Hartman, supra note 2.16. Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, 420, 15 L. Ed. 691 (1856).17. Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94, 99, 5 S. Ct. 41, 44–7, 28 L. Ed. 643 (1884).18. Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94, 101, 5 S. Ct. 41, 44–7, 28 L. Ed. 643 (1884).19. Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94, 99, 5 S. Ct. 41, 44–7, 28 L. Ed. 643 (1884).20. Robert Williams, Like a Loaded Weapon (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005), xxxiii.21. Ibid., 151.22. McClintock, supra note 2 at 38.23. Lauren Berlant, The Queen of America Goes to Washington (Durham & London: Duke University Press, 1997), 25.24. Johnson v. McIntosh, 21 U.S. 543, 562, 5 L. Ed. 681 (1823).25. Ibid., 589.26. Ibid., 589–90.27. Worcester v. State of Ga., 31 U.S. 515, 579–80, 8 L. Ed. 483 (1832).28. Ibid., 593.29. Ibid., 593–4.30. Ex parte Kan-gi-shun-ca, 109 U.S. 556, 571–2, 3 S. Ct. 396, 405–6, 27 L. Ed. 1030 (1883).31. Ibid.32. Ibid.33. United States v. Kagama, 118 U.S. 375, 384, 6 S. Ct. 1109, 1114, 30 L. Ed. 228 (1886).34. Ibid.35. Lecture, UC Davis Hemispheric Indigeneities Conference, March 1997.36. Ella Shohat and Robert Stam, Ella Shohat and Robert Stam, Unthinking Eurocentricism (London: Routledge, 1994), 118–19.37. Kevin Bruyneel, ‘Challenging American Boundaries: Indigenous Peoples and the “Gift of U.S. Citizenship”’, American Political Development 18 (Spring 2004): 30.38. Francis Jennings, Invasion of the Americas (New York & London: Norton Press, 1975), 82.39. Ibid., 84.40. Ibid.41. Johnson v. McIntosh, 21 U.S. 543, 590, 5 L. Ed. 681 (1823).42. Report of the Secretary of the Interior (50th Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives, Ex. Doc 1, part 5, p. 7) (Washington Government Printing Office, 1887).43. Ibid., 4.44. Ibid.45. Ibid., 6–7.46. Ibid., 7.47. Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 United States Statutes at Large (49th Cong. Sess II, chap. 119, pp. 388–91).48. Report of the Secretary of the Interior, supra note at 49, 6–7.49. Ibid.50. Cheryl I. Harris, Whiteness As Property, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 1709 (1993).51. George Lipsitz, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness (Phildelphia: Temple University Press, 1998).52. Silva, supra note 3.53. Bruyneel, supra note 44 at 3.54. Report of the Secretary of the Interior, supra note 49 at 10.55. Jessica Cattelino, High Stakes (Durham & London: Duke University Press, 2008).56. Laughlin McDonald, American Indians and the Fight for Equal Voting Rights (Oklahoma, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2010), 18–20.57. Porter v. Hall, 34 Ariz. 308, 321, 271 P. 411, 415 (1928).58. Ibid., 417.59. Ibid., 416–17.60. Ibid., 417.61. Ibid., 416–17.62. Bone Shirt v. Hazeltine, 336 F. Supp. 2d 976, 1021 (D.S.D. 2004).63. Ibid., 1024–5.64. Ibid., 1027.65. Ibid.66. McDonald, supra note at 63, 124.67. Bone Shirt v. Hazeltine, supra note at 69, 1022.68. Ibid.69. Ibid., 1026.70. Ibid.71. Ibid.72. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BLAINE COUNTY, MONTANA; Don K. Swenson, Arthur Kleinjan, and Victor J. Miller, in their official capacities as members of the Blaine County Board of Commissioners; and Sandra Boardman, in her official capacity as Clerk and Recorder and Superintendent of Elections for Blaine County, Montana, Defendants-Appellants., 2003 WL 22594106 (C.A.9), 4.73. Ibid., 50.74. Ibid., 58.75. Homi Bhabha, ‘Of Mimicry and Men’, in Tensions of Empire, ed. Frederick Cooper and Ann Laura Stoler (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 152–60; Edward Said, Orientalism (New York: Vintage, 1994).76. Porter, supra note at 1.77. McLauglin, supra note at 63, 257.78. For a fuller discussion on the variety of views about voting, see Bruyneel, supra note 44.79. Glen Coulthard, ‘Subjects of Empire: Indigenous Peoples and the “Politics of Recognition” in Canada’, Contemporary Political History 6, no. 4 (2007): 437.80. Scott Lyons, X-Marks (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010); Jennifer Denetdale, ‘Chairmen, Presidents, and Princesses: The Navajo Nation, Gender and the Politics of Tradition’, Wicazo Sa Review 20 (Spring 2006): 9.