THYMIC MYOGENESIS, T‐LYMPHOCYTES AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS*
1981; Wiley; Volume: 377; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33753.x
ISSN1749-6632
AutoresHartmut Wekerle, Reinhard Hohlfeld, U.‐P. Ketelsen, J. R. Kalden, I. Kalies,
Tópico(s)Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
ResumoAnnals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 377, Issue 1 p. 455-476 THYMIC MYOGENESIS, T-LYMPHOCYTES AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYASTHENIA GRAVIS* H. Wekerle, H. Wekerle Max-Planck-Institut für Immunblologie 0–78 Freiburg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Hohlfeld, R. Hohlfeld Max-Planck-Institut für Immunblologie 0–78 Freiburg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorU.-P. Ketelsen, U.-P. Ketelsen Universitäts-Kinderklinik Freiburg Freiburg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJ. R. Kalden, J. R. Kalden Institut für Klinische Immunologie Universität Erlangen Erlangen, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Kalies, I. Kalies Zentrum für Biochemie Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this author H. Wekerle, H. Wekerle Max-Planck-Institut für Immunblologie 0–78 Freiburg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Hohlfeld, R. Hohlfeld Max-Planck-Institut für Immunblologie 0–78 Freiburg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorU.-P. Ketelsen, U.-P. Ketelsen Universitäts-Kinderklinik Freiburg Freiburg, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorJ. R. Kalden, J. R. Kalden Institut für Klinische Immunologie Universität Erlangen Erlangen, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this authorI. Kalies, I. Kalies Zentrum für Biochemie Medizinische Hochschule Hannover Hannover, Federal Republic of GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1981 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33753.xCitations: 66 * This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Stiftung Volkswagenwerk. R.H. received a stipend from Deutsche Forschungsge-gemeinschaft. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Engel, A. G., E. H. Lambert & F. H. Howard. 1977. Immune complexes (IgG and C3) at the motor end plate in myasthenia gravis. Mayo Clinic Proc. 52: 267–280. 2 Toyka, K. V., D. B. Drachman, A. Pestronk & I. Kao. 1975. Myasthenia gravis: Passive transfer from man to mouse. Science 190: 397–399. 3 Patrick, J. & J. Lindstrom. 1973. Autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptor. Science 180: 871–872. 4 Lennon, V. A. & E. H. Lambert. 1980. Myasthenia gravis induced by monoclonal antibodies to acetylcholine receptors. Nature 285: 238–240. 5 Richman, D. P., C. M. Gomez, P. W. Berman, S. A. Burres, F. W. Fitch & B. G. W. Arnason. 1980. Monoclonal anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies can cause experimental myasthenia. Nature 286: 738–739. 6 Tzartos, S. J. & J. M. Lindstrom. 1980. Monoclonal antibodies used to probe acetylcholine receptor structure: Localization of the main immunogeneic region and detection of similarities between subunits. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci (US) 77: 755–759. 7 Dau, P. C., J. M. Lindstrom, C. K. Cassel, E. H. Denys, E. E. Shev & L. E. Spitler. 1977. Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drug therapy in myasthenia gravis. N. Engl. J. Med. 297: 1134–1140. 8 Newsom-Davis, J., A. J. Pinching, A. Vincent & S. G. Wilson. 1978. Function of circulating antibody to acetylcholine in myasthenia gravis. Investigation by plasma exchange. Neurol. 28: 266–272. 9 Wekerle, H. & U.-P. Ketelsen. 1977. Intrathymic pathogenesis and dual genetic control of myasthenia gravis. Lancet i: 678–680. 10 Wekerle, H., I. R. Cohen & M. Feldman. 1973. The isolation and culture of thymus reticulum cells in vitro. Studies in the in vitro culture and function of thymus reticulum cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 3: 745–748. 11 Wekerle, H., B. Paterson, U.-P. Ketelsen & M. Feldman. 1975. Striated muscle fibers differentiate in monolayer cultures of adult thymus reticulum. Nature 256: 493–494. 12 Ketelsen, U.-P. & H. Wekerle. 1976. Thymus-derived striated muscle clones: An ultrastructural analysis of cell differentiation. Differentiation 5: 185–187. 13 Prives, J., I. Silman & A. Amsterdam. 1976. Appearance and disappearance of acetylcholine receptor during differentiation of chick skeletal muscle in vitro. Cell 7: 543–550. 14 Wekerle, H., U.-P. Ketelsen, A. D. Zurn & B. W. Fulpius. 1978. Intra- thymic pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis: Transient expression of acetylcholine receptors on thymus-derived muscle cells. Eur. J. Immunol 8: 579–583. 15 Wekerle, H. 1978. Immunological T-cell memory in the in vitro induced experimental autoimmune orchitis: Specificity of the reaction and tissue distribution of the autoantigens. J. Exp. Med. 147: 233–250. 16 Miller, R. G. & R. A. Phillips. 1969. Separation of cells by velocity sedimentation. J. Cell. Physiol. 73: 191–205. 17 Turner, D. C. 1978. Differentiation in cultures derived from embryonic chicken muscle. The postmitotic fusion-capable myoblast as a distinct cell type. Differentiation 10: 81–93. 18 Yaffe, D. 1971. Developmental changes preceding cell fusion during muscle formation in vitro. Exp. Cell Res. 66: 33–48. 19 Seybold, M. E., R. N. Baergen, B. Nave & J. M. Lindstrom. 1978. Antiacetylcholine receptor antibody concentrations after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Br. Med. J. ii: 1051–1053. 20 Vincent, A. & J. Newsom-Davis. 1979. Absence of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in congenital myasthenia gravis. Lancet i: 441–442. 21 Abramsky, O., A. Aharonov, C. Webb & S. Fuchs. 1975. Cellular immune response to acetylcholine receptor-rich fraction in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 19: 11–16. 22 Richman, D. P., J. P. Antel, J. W. Patrick & B. G. W. Arnason. 1979. Cellular immunity to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis: Relationship to histocompatibility type and antigenic site. Neurol. 29: 291–296. 23 Conti-Tronconi, B. M., M. Morgutti, A. Sghirlanzoni & F. Clementi. 1979. Cellular immune response against acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. I. Relevance to clinical course and pathogenesis. Neurol.. 29: 496–501. 24 Russell, D. S. 1953. Histologic changes in the striped muscle in myasthenia gravis. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 65: 279–289. 25 Engel, A. G., H. Sakakibara, K. Sahashi, J. M. Lindstrom, E. H. Lambert & V. A. Lennon. 1979. Passively transferred experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Sequential and quantitative study of the motor end plate fine structure and ultrastructural localization of immune complexes (IgG and C3) and of the acetylcholine receptor. Neurol. 29: 179–188. 26 Wekerle, H. 1977. In vitro induction of immunological memory against testicular autoantigens. Nature 267: 357–358. 27 Wekerle, H., A. Ben-Nun, U. Hurtenbach & M. Prester. 1978. In vitro regulation of immunological T-lymphocyte memory. Studies on the regulation of self tolerance. In Genetic Control of Autoimmunity. N. R. Rose, N. L. Warner & P. Bigazzi, Eds., 413–432. Academic Press. New York , NY . 28 Ben-Nun, A., H. Wekerle & I. R. Cohen. 1981. The rapid isolation of clonable antigen-specific T lymphocyte lines capable of mediating autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 11: 195–199. 29 Hohlfeld, R., I. Kalies, F. Heinz, J. R. Kalden & H. Wekerle. 1981. Autoimmune rat T-lymphocytes monospecific for acetylcholine receptors: Purification and fine specificity. J. Immunol. 126: 1355–1359. 30 G. Möller, Ed. 1980. T-cell Stimulating Growth Factors. Immunol. Rev. 51. 31 Opelz, G., M. Kiuchi, M. Takasugi & P. I. Terasaki. 1975. Autologous stimulation of human lymphocyte subpopulations. J. Exp. Med. 142: 1327–1333. 32 Kuntz, M. M., J. B. Innes & M. E. Weksler. 1976. Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous cells. IV. Human T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by autologous or allogeneic non-T-lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med.. 143: 1042–1054. 33 Rosenthal, A. S. & E. M. Shevach. 1973. Function in macrophages in antigen recognition by guinea pig T-lymphocytes. I. Requirement for histocompatible macrophages and lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med.. 138: 1194–1212. 34 White, R. A. H., D. W. Mason, A. F. Williams, G. Galfre & C. Milstein. 1978. T-lymphocyte heterogeneity in the rat: Separation of functional subpopulations using a monoclonal antibody. J. Exp. Med. 148: 664–673. 35 Williams, A. F., G. Galfre & C. Milstein. 1977. Analysis of cell surfaces by xenogeneic myeloma-hybrid antibodies. Differentiation antigens of rat lymphocytes. Cell 12: 663–673. 36 Fischbach, G. D. & S. A. Cohen. 1973. The distribution of acetylcholine sensitivity over uninnervated and innervated muscle fibers grown in cell culture. Dev. Biol. 31: 147–162. 37 Sytkowski, A. J., Z. Vogel & M. W. Nirenberg. 1973. Development of acetylcholine receptor clusters on cultured muscle cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (US) 70: 270–274. 38 Kalies, I., J. R. Kalden, F. Heinz, R. W. CH. Janzen & L. Lachenmayer. 1979. Nachweis von Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Antikorpern im Serum von Myasthenia gravis Patienten unter Verwendung affinitats-chromatographisch gereinigter humaner Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Praparationen. Klin. Wschr. 57: 875–881. 39 Tarrab-Hazdai, R., A. Aharonov, O. Abramsky, I. Yaar & S. Fuchs. 1975. Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by lymph node cells in inbred guinea pigs. J. Exp. Med. 142: 785–789. 40 Lennon, V. A., J. M. Lindstrom & M. E. Seybold. 1976. Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: Cellular and humoral immune responses. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 274: 283–299. 41 Van Der Geld, H., T. E. W. Feltkamp & J. G. H. Oosterhuis. 1964. Reactivity of myasthenia gravis serum globulin with skeletal muscle and thymus demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 115: 782–785. 42 Strauss, A. J. L., K. C. Snell, B. J. Duntley, E. J. Soban & H. L. Stewart. 1968. Spontaneous thymoma, polymyositis, and serum-autoantibodies to striated muscle in the rodent subgenus Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. Lancet i: 1126–1129. 43 Kao, I. & D. B. Drachman. 1977. Thymic muscle cells bear acetylcholine receptors: Possible relation to myasthenia gravis. Science 195: 74–75. 44 Engel, W. K., J. L. Trotter, D. E. Mcfarlin & C. L. Mcintosh. 1977. Thymic epithelial cell contains acetylcholine receptor. Lancet i: 1310–311. 45 Fuchs, S., I. Schmidt-Hopfeld, G. Tridente & R. Tarrab-Hazdai. 1980. Thymic lymphocytes bear a surface antigen which cross-reacts with acetylcholine receptor. Nature 287: 162–164. 46 Jerne, N. K. 1971. The somatic generation of immune recognition. Eur. J. Immunol. 1: 1–9. 47 Stutman, O. 1978. Intrathymic and extrathymic T-cell maturation. Immunol. Rev. 42: 138–184. 48 Zinkernagel, R. M. 1978. Thymus and lymphohemopoietic cells: Their role in selection of T cells H-2 restriction-specificity and H-2 linked Ir gene control. Immunol. Rev. 42: 224–270. 49 Raviola, E. & M. J. Karnovsky. 1972. Evidence for a blood-thymus barrier using electron-opaque tracers. J. Exp. Med. 136: 466–489. 50 Drenckhahn, D., B. Von Gaudecker, H. K. Müller-Hermelick, K. Unsicker & U. Groschel-Stewart. Myosin and actin containing cells in the human postnatal thymus. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings in normal thymus and in myasthenia gravis. Virchows Arch. B. 32: 33–45. 51 Fuchs, S., D. Nevo, R. Tarrab-Hazdai & I. Yaar. 1976. Strain differences in the autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptors. Nature 263: 329–330. 52 Christadoss, P., V. A. Lennon & C. David. 1979. Genetic control of ex- perimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in mice. I. Lymphocyte proliferation response to acetylcholine receptor is under H-2-linked Ir gene control, J. Immunol. 123: 2540–2543. 53 Vincent, A., G. Scadding, H. C. Thomas & J. Newsom-Davis. 1978. In vitro synthesis of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody by thymic lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis. Lancet i: 305–307. 54 Feltkamp, T. E. W., P. M. Van Den Berg-Loonen, L. E. Nijenhuis, C. P. Engelfriet, A. L. Van Rossum, J. J. Van Loghem & H. I. G. H. Oosterhuis. 1974. Myasthenia gravis, autoantibodies, and HLA antigens. Br. Med. J. i: 131–133. 55 Namba, T., N. G. Brunner & D. Grob. 1978. Myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma, with particular reference to onset after thymectomy. Medicine 57: 411–433. 56 Null, J. A., V. A. Livolsi & W. W. L. Glenn. 1977. Hodgkin's disease of the thymus (granulomatous thymoma) and myasthenia gravis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 67: 521–525. 57 Reintgen, D., B. F. Fetter, A. Roses & K. S. McCarthy. 1978. Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis. Arch. Pathol. 102: 463–466. 58 Yuasa, T., M. Hanano, F. Ohshima & T. Tsubaki. 1980. The association of myasthenia gravis with multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden disease). Ann. Neurol. 7: 591–592. 59 Goldstein, A. L. et al. 1977. Thymosin α1: Isolation and sequence analysis of an immunologically active thymic polypeptide. 60 Hong, R., M. Santosham, H. Schulte-Wissermann, S. Horowitz, S. H. Hsu & J. A. Winkelstein. 1976. Reconstitution of B- and T-lymphocyte function in severe combined immunodeficiency disease after transplantation with thymic epithelium. Lancet ii: 1270–1273. 61 Weigle, W. O. 1971. Recent observations and concepts in immunological unresponsiveness and autoimmunity. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 9: 437–447. 62 Allison, A. C., A. M. Denman & R. D. Barnes. 1971. Cooperating and controlling thymus derived lymphocytes in relation to autoimmunity. Lancet i: 135–140. 63 Burnet, F. M. 1959. The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity. Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville , TN . 64 Simpson, J. A. 1960. Myasthenia gravis: A new hypothesis. Scott. Med. J. 5: 419–436. 65 Goulon, M., P. Gajdos, B. Estournet, C. Andre & M. Tulliez. 1980. Myasthénie et maladies associées. Etude d'une série de 145 cas. Ann. Med. Interne 131: 9–16. 66 Galli, M., G. Landi, D. L. Restelli & G. Scarlato. 1980. Myasthenia gravis with a monoclonal gammopathy. Report of a case. J. Neurol. Sci. 45: 103–108. 67 Somer, H., R. Pirskanen, A. K. Lefvert, C. Waastjerna & A. Konttinen. 1979. Myasthenia gravis and monoclonal IgG gammopathy. Neurol. 29: 842–847. 68 Wekerle, H. 1979. Autoreaktivität und Autoaggression. Internist 20: 459–464. 69 Rash, J. E., E. X. Albuquerque, C. S. Hudson, R. F. Mayer & J. R. Satterfield. 1976. Studies of human myasthenia gravis: Electrophysiological and ultrastructural evidence compatible with antibody attachment to the acetyl-choline receptor complex. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci (US) 73: 4584–4588. 70 Ben-Nun, A., H. Wekerle & I. R. Cohen. 1981. Vaccination against auto-immune encephalomyelitis with T-lymphocyte line cells reactive against myelin basic protein. Nature: 292: 60–61. Citing Literature Volume377, Issue1Myasthenia Gravis: Pathophysiology and ManagementDecember 1981Pages 455-476 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)