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Birth Order and its Relationship to Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Concept Test Scores in Children

1988; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 149; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/00221325.1988.10532136

1940-0896

Larry Gates, Mable Rowe Lineberger, Jeanine Crockett, James Hubbard,

Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Children (N = 404), 7 to 12 years old, were given the Children's Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale. First-born children scored significantly lower on depression than second-, third-, fourth-born, and youngest children. First borns showed significantly less trait anxiety than third-born children. First-born children also showed significantly higher levels of self-esteem than second-born and youngest children. Girls in this study showed significantly more trait anxiety than boys.