Faulted archaeological relics at Hierapolis (Pamukkale), Turkey
1997; Elsevier BV; Volume: 24; Issue: 1-4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/s0264-3707(97)00003-3
ISSN1879-1670
Autores Tópico(s)Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
ResumoThe former Roman city of Hierapolis (modern Pamukkale), within the Büyük Menderes valley, contains an abundance of faulted architectural relics related to damaging earthquakes that have occurred since at least 60 A.D. Faulted relics include: (1) a Roman fresh-water channel; (2) a mid-Roman relief carved into a fault plane; (3) Roman and Byzantine walls offset across the Hierapolis normal fault zone; (4) the walls of a late Byzantine fort offset more than once across a fissure/fault; and (5) numerous displaced wall-like Roman and post-Roman petrified water channels. In addition to these faulted relics, numerous monuments display tilted and toppled walls; maximum damage generally being adjacent to the Hierapolis fault zone which passes through the centre of the city. Many relics are also partly covered by faulting-related travertine deposits. Analysis of the faulted relics indicates: (1) Hierapolis and its immediate surroundings are cut by two active normal fault zones; (2) the NNW-trending Hierapolis fault zone, formerly thought to be a sinistral strike-slip fault, is a small normal fault zone; (3) there has been about 1.5 m of normal slip on the Pamukkale range-front fault since mid-Roman times; (4) an opening direction across the weakly expressed Hierapolis fault zone can be inferred by matching formerly contiguous piercing points on the relic that are now on either side of the fault trace; (5) where a fault passes through a narrow rigid architectural relic, its trace is generally refracted so that it is oriented at roughly right angles to the long axis of the relic; and (6) some major dilated cracks cutting relics reflect the locations of underlying faults.
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