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Large Volcanic Aerosol Load in the Stratosphere Linked to Asian Monsoon Transport

2012; American Association for the Advancement of Science; Volume: 337; Issue: 6090 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1126/science.1219371

1095-9203

Adam Bourassa, Alan Robock, William J. Randel, Terry Deshler, Landon Rieger, Nicholas Lloyd, E. J. Llewellyn, Douglas A. Degenstein,

Climate Change and Geoengineering

The Nabro stratovolcano in Eritrea, northeastern Africa, erupted on 13 June 2011, injecting approximately 1.3 teragrams of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) to altitudes of 9 to 14 kilometers in the upper troposphere, which resulted in a large aerosol enhancement in the stratosphere. The SO(2) was lofted into the lower stratosphere by deep convection and the circulation associated with the Asian summer monsoon while gradually converting to sulfate aerosol. This demonstrates that to affect climate, volcanic eruptions need not be strong enough to inject sulfur directly to the stratosphere.