Media Bias in Coverage of the Dies Committee on Un‐American Activities, 1938–1940
1992; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 55; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1540-6563.1992.tb00884.x
ISSN1540-6563
Autores Tópico(s)European history and politics
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1. Arthur Krock, “Press vs. Government—A Warning,” Public Opinion Quarterly 2 (April 1937): 45–49; George Wolfskill and John A. Hudson, All But the People: Franklin D. Roosevelt and His Critics, 1933–1939 (London, 1969), 177,191.2. Michael Wreszin, “The Dies Committee, 1938,” in Congress Investigates: A Documented History, 1792–1974, ed. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. and Roger Burns (New York, 1975), 2923–2933; Freda Kirchwey, “What Dies Is Up To,” Nation 155 (3 October 1942): 309–310; George H. Gallup, The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion, 1937–1971 (New York, 1972), vol. 1,16 November, 11 December 1938.3. Todd Gitlin, The Whole World Is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and the Unmaking of the New Left (Berkeley, 1980); Michael Parenti, Inventing Reality: The Politics of the Mass Media (New York, 1986); Edwin R. Bayley, Joe McCarthy and the Press (New York, 1981); Graham White, FDR and the Press (Chicago, 1979).4. Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature, July 1937‐June 1939, 755–756; July 1939‐June 1941, 853–854; July 1941‐June 1943, 780; July 1943‐April 1945, 678.5. Raymond Gapper, “The Dies Committee: A Necessary Job, Badly Done,” Forum 103 (March 1940): 155–157;Raymond Brandt, “The Dies Committee: An Appraisal,” Atlantic Monthly 165 (February 1940): 232–237; Drew Pearson, “The Dies Committee. Is It American?”Look Magazine, 2 January 1940; Walter Lippmann, Herald Tribune, 11 January 1940; Richard Stout, Des Moines Register, 8 November 1938.6. United Automobile Worker (Detroit, Mich.), 22 October 1938; Des Moines Register, 1 November 1938; Paul Y. Anderson, “Behind the Dies Intrigue,” Nation 147 (12 November 1938): 499–500; idem, “Economics for Congressmen,” Nation 147 (December 10, 1938): 613–614; idem, “Fascism Hits Washington: Work of the House Committee to Investigate Un‐American Activities,” Nation 147 (27 August 1938): 198–199; idem, “Investigate Mr. Dies!”Nation U 7 (November 5, 1938): 471–472; idem, “LaFollette Pulls His Punches: Dies Committee Inquiry into Un‐American Activities,” Nation 147 (20 August 1938): 170; idem, “Loaded Dies Committee,” Nation 147 (October 29, 1938): 443.7. Mark Sullivan, Des Moines Register, 28 October 1938; Frank R. Kent, Des Moines Register, 2 November 1938; David Lawrence, Washington Evening Star, 28 October, 1 November 1938.8. Harold L. Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold I. Ickes (New York, 1954), 2:455, 498–499, 506–507, 528–529, 546–547; idem. The Autobiography of a Curmudgeon (New York, 1942), 298; White, FDR and the Press.9. Cleveland Plain Dealer, October‐November 1940; Hartford Times, October‐November 1940; Memphis Commerkal‐Appeal, October‐November 1940; New Orleans Times‐Picayune, October‐November 1940. The process of selecting newspapers deliberately avoided papers that were known to be liberal or anti‐New Deal, such as the Chicago Tribune. The papers were selected without prior examination of their editorial position on the New Deal.10. Atlanta Constitution, October‐November 1940; Lexington Herald, 27 October 1938; Boston Globe, October‐November 1938.11. Hartford Times, 7 October 1940; Memphis Commercial‐Appeal, 28 October, 10 November 1938, and 3 October 1940; Pittsburgh Sun‐Telegraph, 1 November 1938; Indianapolis Star, October‐November 1940; Cleveland Plain Dealer, 25 September 1940.12. Des Moines Register, October‐November 1938; Atlanta Constitution, October‐November 1938.13. Leo C. Rosten, The Washington Correspondents (New York, 1937), 152–168; U.S. House of Representatives, 75th Cong., 3d sess., Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, vol. 1, 1938: 50–61;U.S. House of Representatives, 76th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Record, vol. 84, pt. 1, JanuaryFebruary, 1939: 1098–1128;New York Times, 29 November 1938; J. B. Matthews, Odyssey of a Fellow Traveler (New York, 1938), 121, 165, 233–235; Richard H. Rovere, “J. B. Matthews: The Informer,” Nation 155 (3 October 1942): 329–330; Annette T. Rubinstein, ed., I Vote My Conscience: Speeches and Writings of Vito Marcantonio (New York, 1956), 111–115, 152–154, 163, 171–172.14. Dallas Morning News, 28 October, 3 November 1938.15. Des Moines Register, 26 October 1938; Washington Evening Star, 25 October 1938; Indianapolis Star, 18 October 1938; Robert Sherrill and Harry W. Ernst, The Drugstore Liberal: Hubert H. Humphrey in Politics (New York, 1968), 20–53, 122.16. Washington Evening Star, 21 August 1938.17. Bayley, Joe McCarthy and the Press; Percival R. Bailey, “The Case of the National Lawyers’ Guild, 1939‐1958,” in Beyond the Hiss Case: The FBI, Congress and the Cold War, ed., Athan G. Theoharis (Philadelphia, 1982).18. Atlanta Constitution, 27, 28, 31 October, 6 November 1938;Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 21, 31 October 1938;Des Moines Register, 2, 16, 17 November 1938; Dallas Morning News, 27, 31 October, 2 November 1938.19. Des Moines Register, 1, 15, 26 November 1938;Washington Evening Star, 20 October, 2, 4, 6, 8 November 1938; New York Times, 25–28 October and 29 November 1938; Pittsburgh Post‐Gazette, 20, 22, 25–28 October, 1, 4 November 1938; Pittsburgh Sun‐Telegraph, 29 October, 7 November 1938.20. Pittsburgh Sun‐Telegraph, 12, 18, 20–22, 24–27, 31 October, 3–4 November 1938.21. New York Times, 12, 19–20, 22, 26–28 October, 16, 24–25, 28 November 1938.22. Reference includes all UP, AP, INS, and New York Times copy in notes 19–21.23. ANP copy from the Pittsburgh Courier, 19 November 1938; Pittsburgh Catholic, 18, 22 August, 1 September 1938.24. Stewart Henderson Britt and Seldon C. Menefee, “Did the Publicity of the Dies Committee in 1938 Influence Public Opinion Public Opinion Quarterly 3 (July 1939): 449–457; Ickes, Autobiography, 298; idem, Secret Diary, 455, 507; Wolfskill and Hudson, All But the People, 199; Victor Navasky Naming Names (New York, 1980).25. Eleanor Roosevelt, Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt (New York, 1961), 208–211; Freda Kirchwey, “Taming Mr. Dies,” Nation 149 (16 December 1939): 669–670; George Martin, Madam Secretary: Frances Perkins (Boston, 1976), 408–415; Wolfskill and Hudson, All But the People, 50–51; Congressional Record, 702–711; New York Times, 25 October 1938, 17 December 1940. According to a 1938 Gallup Poll, 78 percent of men and 75 percent of women did not approve of married women with economic and political interests outside of the home.26. New York Times, 25 October 1938; Cleveland Plain Dealer, 27 October 1938; Peter Frielander, The Emergence of a UAW Local, 1936–1939: A Study in Class and Culture (Pittsburgh, 1975).27. Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. kkes, 454, 506–507, 528–529, 546–547; New York Times, 23, 24, 25 November 1938; Des Moines Register, 2 November 1938.28. Ickes, Secret Diary, 498–499; Martin, Madam Secretary, 412; New York Times, 17 November 1938; Ernest K. Lindley, “The New Congress,” Current History 149 (February 1939): 15, 17;Gallup, The Gallup Poll, vol. 1, 3 January 1937, 4 May, 5 June, 11, 25 September 1938; Richard B. Henderson, Maury Maverick A Political Biography (Austin, 1970), 66,177–179; Huthmacher, Senator Robert F. Wagner, 231–255; Cleveland Plain Dealer, 9 November 1938; Des Moines Register, 9 November 1938.29. Congressional Record, 1107–1110; Ickes, Secret Diary, 528–529,575–574.30. Charles H. Trout, Boston, the Great Depression, and the New Deal (New York, 1977), 221–222; Stanley High, “The WPA: Politicians' Playground,” Current History 50 (May 1939): 23, 25;Congressional Record, 248–280; Gallup, Gallup Poll, vol. 1, 18 April 1937, 19, 24 June, 7 September 1938.31. George Q. Flynn, American Catholics and the Roosevelt Presidency, 1932–1936 (Lexington, 1968), 128–133; idem, Roosevelt and Romanism: Catholics and American Diplomacy, 1937–1945 (Westport, 1976); Ronald H. Bayor, Neighbors in Conflict: The Irish, Germans, Jews, and Italians of New York City, 1929–1941 (Baltimore, 1978); Msgr. Charles Owen Rice, “The Dynamite of the Encyclicals,” radio address, KDKA Pittsburgh, 15 May 1937, in Rice Papers, box 27, University of Pittsburgh Archives (cited hereafter as RP); Charles Owen Rice, “Feast of St. Joseph, Patron of the Worker,” radio address, 19 March 1938, RP; and letter from Charles Owen Rice to Helen Clark, 30 April 1966, RP; Pittsburgh Catholic, 11, 22 August 1938;Detroit Free Press, 7 November 1938; Catholic Telegraph Register (Cincinnati, Ohio), 29 July, 12,19,26 August, 18 November 1938; Catholic Sentinel (Portland, Ore.), 4,11,18 August, 1,15 September, 10 November 1938.32. Gallup, Gallup Poll, vol. 1 19, 24 June, 7 August 1938;New York Times, 27 October 1938.33. Bayor, Neighbors in Conflict; Robert A. Caro, The Path to Power: The Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York, 1983), 270–272; Murray Edelman, The Symbolic Uses of Politics (Urbana, 1985), 6–7,11; Des Moines Register, 20–21 October 1938; New York Times, 12, 1920 October 1938;Congressional Digest 18 (November 1939): 272, 276–277.34. Walter Goodman, The Committee: The Extraordinary Career of the House Committee on Un‐American Activities (Baltimore, 1968).35. Edelman, Symbolic Uses of Politics, 6–7, 11; Wreszin, “The Dies Committee,” 2923–2956; Hallie Flanagan, Arena (New York, 1940), 115, 172–173, 254–255, 334–361 passim; Roosevelt, Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt, 208–210; Kenneth G. Crawford, “History of a Hoax,” Nation 155 (3 October 1942): 317–321;Willson Whitman, “Background of a Demagogue,” Nation 155 (3 October 1942): 311–314;Congressional Record 264; U.S. House of Representatives, 75th Cong., 3d sess., Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, 4:1938:2856–85.36. Pittsburgh Courier, 1 October 1938; United Automobilie Worker, 22, 29 October 1938.37. Flynn, Roosevelt and Romanism; Washington Evening Star, 30 August 1938; U.S. House of Representatives, 76th Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, vol. 1, part 8, JuneJuly, 1940: 6295–6304; see especially Catholic Sentinel and Catholic Telegraph‐Register; Martin Dies, “More Snakes Than I Can Kill,”Liberty Magazine, 10 February 1940, 42; U.S. House of Representatives, 76th Cong., 1st sess., House Report no. 2,4 January 1939, First Annual Report of the Special Committee on Un‐American Activities, 8–11, 118–124; U.S. House of Representatives, 76th Cong., 3d sess., House Report no. 1476, 3 January 1940, Second Annual Report of the Special Committee on Un‐American Activities, 1–25; U.S. House of Representatives, 77th Cong., 1st sess., House Report no. 1, 3 January 1941, Third Annual Report of Special Committee on Un‐American Activities, 1–25.
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