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Discovery of chlamydial peptidoglycan reveals bacteria with murein sacculi but without FtsZ

2013; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 4; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/ncomms3856

2041-1723

Martin Pilhofer, Karin Aistleitner, Jacob Biboy, Joe Gray, Erkin Kuru, Edward Hall, Yves V. Brun, Michael S. VanNieuwenhze, Waldemar Vollmer, Matthias Horn, Grant J. Jensen,

Gut microbiota and health

Chlamydiae are important pathogens and symbionts with unique cell biological features. They lack the cell-division protein FtsZ, and the existence of peptidoglycan (PG) in their cell wall has been highly controversial. FtsZ and PG together function in orchestrating cell division and maintaining cell shape in almost all other bacteria. Using electron cryotomography, mass spectrometry and fluorescent labelling dyes, here we show that some environmental chlamydiae have cell wall sacculi consisting of a novel PG type. Treatment with fosfomycin (a PG synthesis inhibitor) leads to lower infection rates and aberrant cell shapes, suggesting that PG synthesis is crucial for the chlamydial life cycle. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the presence of PG in a member of the Chlamydiae. They also present a unique example of a bacterium with a PG sacculus but without FtsZ, challenging the current hypothesis that it is the absence of a cell wall that renders FtsZ non-essential. Chlamydiae are sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics, which target cell-wall peptidoglycan (PG), but it is unclear whether these bacteria possess PG. Pilhofer et al. now demonstrate that cell walls of a chlamydial species, Protochlamydia amoebophila, contain a PG layer.