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The Power of Oil: Edward Heath, the ‘Year of Europe’ and the Anglo-American ‘Special Relationship’

2012; Routledge; Volume: 26; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/13619462.2012.656390

1743-7997

Thomas Robb,

Political and Economic history of UK and US

Abstract This article focuses on Anglo-American relations during, what US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger termed, the 'Year of Europe'. In particular, Anglo-American interaction leading up to, and during, the Washington Energy Conference (11–13 February 1974) is examined. By doing this, subtle nuances in the foreign policy of Edward Heath, British Prime Minister, 1970–1974, can be better appreciated. Traditionally viewed by commentators as varying between lukewarm and antagonistic towards the Anglo-American 'special relationship', this article highlights that Heath was more than capable with working closely with Washington when he believed British interests were best promoted by doing so. Heath showed throughout the Arab oil embargo of 1973–1974 an ability to work in close cooperation with Washington. Indeed, Heath demonstrated that he was prepared to sacrifice his wider European ambitions in order to secure this. This was largely driven by Heath's overriding concern that US support was imperative to prevent the outbreak of 'beggar thy neighbour' oil policies that he concluded would result if the European Economic Community approach, predominantly driven by French thinking, was endorsed. Keywords: HeathOilKissingerBritainUnited States Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr David Gill, Dr R. Gerald Hughes, Professor Len Scott and Donna L. France, and the three anonymous reviewers at Contemporary British History for their comments on various drafts of this article. Notes [1] On the conference see, Yergin Yergin, Daniel. 1991. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power, New York: Pocket Books. [Google Scholar], The Prize, 570–620. [2] On the political implications of the conference see, Hamilton, 'Year of Europe', 871–95; Fiona Venn, 'International co-operation versus national self-interest', 71–98; Thornton Thornton, Richard. 2001. 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