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Mechanisms of Protein Import and Routing in Chloroplasts

2004; Elsevier BV; Volume: 14; Issue: 24 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.049

1879-0445

Paul Jarvis, Colin Robinson,

Algal biology and biofuel production

The vast majority of the approximately 3000 different proteins required to build a fully functional chloroplast are encoded by the nuclear genome and translated on cytosolic ribosomes. As chloroplasts are each surrounded by a double-membrane system, or envelope, sophisticated mechanisms are necessary to mediate the import of these nucleus-encoded proteins into chloroplasts. Once inside the organelle, many chloroplast proteins engage one of four additional protein sorting mechanisms that direct targeting to the internal thylakoid membrane system.