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Fusarium Species from the Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex Involved in Mixed Infections of Maize in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico

2014; Wiley; Volume: 163; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/jph.12346

1439-0434

Karla Yeriana Leyva‐Madrigal, Claudia Patricia Larralde‐Corona, Miguel Ángel Apodaca‐Sánchez, Francisco Roberto Quiroz‐Figueroa, Priscila A. Mexia‐Bolaños, Salma Portillo‐Valenzuela, Jesús Ordaz‐Ochoa, Ignacio E. Maldonado‐Mendoza,

Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics

Abstract F usarium species belonging to the F usarium fujikuroi species complex ( FFSC ) are associated with maize in northern Mexico and cause F usarium ear and root rot. In order to assess the diversity of FFSC fungal species involved in this destructive disease in Sinaloa, Mexico, a collection of 108 fungal isolates was obtained from maize plants in 2007–2011. DNA sequence analysis of the calmodulin and elongation factor 1α genes identified four species: Fusarium verticillioides , F. nygamai , F. andiyazi and F. thapsinum (comprising 79, 23, 4 and 2 isolates, respectively). Differential distribution of F usarium species in maize organs was observed, that is F. verticillioides was the most frequently isolated species from maize seeds, while F. nygamai predominated on maize roots. Mixed infections with F. verticillioides/F. thapsinum and F. verticillioides/F. nygamai were detected in maize seeds and roots, respectively. Pathogenicity assay demonstrated the ability of the four species to infect maize seedlings and induce different levels of disease severity, reflecting variation in aggressiveness, plant height and root biomass. Isolates of F. verticillioides and F. nygamai were the most aggressive. These species were able to colonize all root tissues, from the epidermis to the vascular vessels, while infection by F. andiyazi and F. thapsinum was restricted to the epidermis and adjacent cortical cells. This is the first report of F. nygamai , F. andiyazi and F. thapsinum infecting maize in Mexico and co‐infecting with F. verticillioides . Mixed infections should be taken into consideration due to the production and/or accumulation of diverse mycotoxins in maize grain.