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Serum galectin-9 levels are elevated in the patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

2013; BioMed Central; Volume: 14; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1186/1471-2369-14-23

1471-2369

Yuko Kurose, Jun Wada, Motoko Kanzaki, Sanae Teshigawara, Atsuko Nakatsuka, Kazutoshi Murakami, Kentaro Inoue, Takahiro Terami, Akihiro Katayama, Mayu Watanabe, Chigusa Higuchi, Jun Eguchi, Nobuyuki Miyatake, Hirofumi Makino,

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Abstract Background Galectin-9 (Gal-9) induces apoptosis in activated T helper 1 (T H 1) cells as a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3). Gal-9 also inhibits the G1 phase cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy in db/db mice, the hallmark of early diabetic nephropathy, by reversing the high glucose-induced up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors such as p27 Kip1 and p21 Cip1 . Methods We investigated the serum levels of Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes and various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=182). Results Serum Gal-9 levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes were 131.9 ± 105.4 pg/ml and Log 10 Gal-9 levels significantly and positively correlated with age (r=0.227, p=0.002), creatinine (r=0.175, p=0.018), urea nitrogen (r=0.162, p=0.028) and osmotic pressure (r=0.187, p=0.014) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=−0.188, p=0.011). Log 10 Gal-9 levels increased along with the progression of GFR categories of G1 to G4, and they were statistically significant by Jonckheere-Terpstra test (p=0.012). Log 10 Gal-9 levels remained similar levels in albuminuria stages of A1 to A3. Conclusion The elevation of serum Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes is closely linked to GFR and they may be related to the alteration of the immune response and inflammation of the patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.