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Quantitation of trans-10,11-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

1987; Elsevier BV; Volume: 415; Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83212-0

1872-812X

Doris K. Robbins, Shih‐Lin Chang, Robert J. Baumann, Peter J. Wedlund,

Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals

This chapter discusses drugs and the use of chromatography in drug analysis. Drugs are categorized according to their pharmacological effect, regardless of chemical differences among members of a category. Psychotropic drugs represent a large group of compounds acting on the central nervous system. Sedatives and hypnotics are used either for toxicological purposes or for monitoring of therapeutic concentrations. Antiepileptics can be grouped into several classes, including barbiturates, primidone, hydantoins (phenytoin, mephenytoin), succinimides (ethosuximide, methsuximide, phensuximide), carbamazepine, valproic acid, benzodiazepines (clonazepam), and progabide. They exhibit narrow therapeutic ranges, and this makes drug monitoring essential. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is now the most frequently used technique in drug analysis. The reason is that HPLC methods fulfil most of the requirements for assaying drugs, both in biological materials and in pharmaceuticals. Although drug analysis by HPLC is usually carried out with conventional equipment, an increased interest in miniaturization is apparent. Column switching is frequently applied in the analysis of biological materials. Gas chromatography (GC) has been used frequently in drug analysis, but since the seventies, it is gradually being replaced by HPLC. Generally, most drugs exhibit properties unfavorable for gas chromatography: they are mostly polar compounds of low volatility, which are often thermolabile. Thus, prior to the gas-chromatographic separation, they must be converted to volatile derivatives. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is low cost, simple, and the possibility of chromatographing a large number of samples in parallel.