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Terminology and Electrophysiologic Concepts in Cardiac Arrhythmias. VI. Phase 3 Block and Phase 4 Block. Part 2.

1979; Wiley; Volume: 2; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1540-8159.1979.tb04282.x

1540-8159

Yoshio Watanabe, Masao Nishimura,

ECG Monitoring and Analysis

Pacing and Clinical ElectrophysiologyVolume 2, Issue 6 p. 624-633 Terminology and Electrophysiologic Concepts in Cardiac Arrhythmias. VI. Phase 3 Block and Phase 4 Block. Part 2. YOSHIO WATANABE, Corresponding Author YOSHIO WATANABE Cardiovascular Institute, Fujita Gakuen University School of Medicine, Toyoake, JapanAddress for Reprints: Yoshio Watanabe, M.D., Cardiovascular Institute. Fujita Gakuen University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-11, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMASAO NISHIMURA, MASAO NISHIMURA Cardiovascular Institute, Fujita Gakuen University School of Medicine, Toyoake, JapanSearch for more papers by this author YOSHIO WATANABE, Corresponding Author YOSHIO WATANABE Cardiovascular Institute, Fujita Gakuen University School of Medicine, Toyoake, JapanAddress for Reprints: Yoshio Watanabe, M.D., Cardiovascular Institute. Fujita Gakuen University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-11, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorMASAO NISHIMURA, MASAO NISHIMURA Cardiovascular Institute, Fujita Gakuen University School of Medicine, Toyoake, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1979 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1979.tb04282.xCitations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Walanabe, Y., and Nishimura, M.: Terminology and electrophysiologic concepts in cardiac arrhythmias. V. Phase 3 block and phase 4 block. Part 1. PACE, 2: 335, 1979. 2 Elizari, M.V., Lazzari, J.O., and Rosenbaum, M.B.: Phase-3 and phase-4 intermittent left anterior hemiblock. Report of first case in the literature. Chest, 62: 673, 1972. 3 Rosenbaum, M.B., Lazzari. J.O., and Elizari. M.V.: The role of phase 3 and phase 4 block in clinical electrocardiography. In H.J.J. Wellens, K.I. Lie, and M.J. Janse (Eds.): The Conduction System of the Heart. Leiden , H.E. Stenfert Kroese B.V., 1976. p. 126. 4 Singer. D.H., Lazzara, R., and Hoffman. B.F.: Interrelationships between automalicily and elimination in Purkinje fibers. Circ. Res., 21: 537, 1967. 5 Weidmann, S.: The effect of the cardiac membrane potential on the rapid availability of the sodium-carrying system. J. Physiol., 127: 213, 1955. 6 Hoffman, B.F., and Cranefield, P.F.: Electrophysiology of the Heart. New York , McGraw-Hill, 1960. 7 Rosenbaum, M.B., Elizari, M.V., Lazzari, J.O., Halpern, S., Nau, G.J., and Levi, R.J.: The mechanism of intermittent bundle branch block. Relationship to prolonged recovery, hypopolari-zation and spontaneous diastolic depolarization. Chest, 63: 666, 1973. 8 Rosenbaum, M.B., Elizari, M.V., Levi, R.J., and Nau, G. J.: Paroxysmal atrioventricular block related to hypopolarizalion and spontaneous diastolic depolarization. Chest, 63: 678, 1973. 9 Weidmann, S.: Effects of calcium and local anesthetics on electrical properties of Purkinje Fibers. J. Physiol., 129: 568, 1955. 10 Walanabe, Y., Toda, H., and Ozawa, M.: Cardiac electrophysiologic action of carteolol hydrochloride (OPC-1085), a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent. PACE, 1: 292, 1978. 11 Dressier, W.: Transient bundle branch block occurring during slowing of the heart beat and following gagging. Amer. Heart J., 58: 760. 1959. 12 Rosenbaum, M.S., Elizari, M.V., Lazzari. J.O., Halpern. M.S., Nau, G.J., and Levi, R. J.: The physiologic basis of intermittent bundle branch block. In L.S. Draifus and W. Likoff (Eds.): Cardiac Arrhythmias. New York , Grune and Stratton, 1973. p. 349. 13 Watanabe, Y. and Dreifus. L.S.: Cardiac Arrhythmis. Electrophysiologic Basis for Clinical Interpretation. New York , Grune and Stratton, 1977. 14 Mack, I., Langendorf, R., and Katz, L.N.: The supernormal phase of recovery of conduction in the hitman heart. Amer. Heart. J., 34: 374, 1947. 15 Fisch, C., and Steinmetz, E.F.: Supernormal phase of atrioventricular (A-V) conduction due to potassium. A-V alternans with first-degree A-V block. Amer. Heart J. 62: 211, 1961. 16 Pick, A., Langendorf, R., and Katz, L.N.: The supernormal phase of atrioventricular conduction. I. Fundamental mechanisms. Circulation, 26: 388, 1962. 17 Moe, G.K., Childers, R.W., and Merideth, J.: An appraisal of “supernormal” A-V conduction. Circulation, 38: 5, 1968. 18 Spear. J.F., and Moore, E.N.: Supernormal excitation and conduction. In H. J. J. Wellens, K.I. Lie, and M.J. Janse (Eds.): The Conduction System of the Heart. Leiden , H.E. Stenfert Kroese B.V., 1976, p. 111. 19 Walanabe, Y., and Dreifus. L.S.: Newer concepts in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Amer. Heart J. 76: 114, 1968. 20 Watanabe, Y.: The role of conduction disturbances in cardiac arrhythmias. (Editoriall. Indian Heart J. 28: 3, 1976. 21 Watanabe, Y.: Reassessment of parasystole. Amer. Heart J., 81: 451. 1971. 22 Cohen, H., Langendorf, R., and Pick, A.: Intermittent parasystole. Mechanism of protection. Circulation, 48: 761, 1973. 23 Ogawa, S., Watanabe, Y., and Dreifus, L.S.: Double ventricular parasystole: Inlermittency and its relation to re-entrant premature beats. Amer. Heart J., 93: 767, 1977. 24 Watanabe, Y.: Terminology and eleclrophysiologic concepts in cardiac arrhythmias. III. Exit block, entrance block and protection block. PACE, 1: 498, 1978. 25 Kinoshita, S., and Tanabe, Y.: Second degree entrance block in intermittent ventricular parasystole. Chest, 67: 236, 1975. 26 Kinoshita, S.: Wenckebach phenomenon of entrance block in intermittent parasystole. Chest, 66: 530, 1974. 27 Jalife, J. and Moe, G.K.: Effect of electrotonic potentials on pacemaker activity of canine Purkinje fibers in relation to parasystole. Circ. Res., 39: 801, 1976. 28 Moe, G.K., Jalife. J., Mueller, W.J., and Moe, B.: A mathematical model of parasystole and its application to clinical arrhythmias. Circulation, 56: 968, 1977. 29 Jalife, J. and Moe, G.K. : A biologic model of parasystole. Amer. J. Cardiol., 43: 761, 1979. 30 Langendorf, R., Pick, A., and Winternitz, M.: Mechanisms of intermittent ventricular bi-geminy. I. Appearance of ectopic beats dependent upon length of the ventricular cycle, the “rule of bigeminy. Circulotion, 11: 422, 1955. 31 Han, J., Millet, D., Ghizzonitti, B., and Moe, G.K.: Temporal dispersion of recovery of excitability in atrium and ventricle as a function of heart rate. Amer. Heart. J., 71: 481, 1966. 32 Cranefield, P.F.: The Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse. Mount Kisco , New York . Futura Publishing Co., Inc., 1975. Citing Literature Volume2, Issue6November 1979Pages 624-633 ReferencesRelatedInformation