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A phase 1 trial of imatinib, bevacizumab, and metronomic cyclophosphamide in advanced colorectal cancer

2013; Springer Nature; Volume: 109; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/bjc.2013.553

1532-1827

Robin Kate Kelley, Justin H. Hwang, Mark Jesus M. Magbanua, L Watt, Jan H. Beumer, Susan M. Christner, Sylvain Baruchel, Bing Wu, Lawrence Fong, Benjamin M. Yeh, A. P. Moore, Andrew H. Ko, W. Michael Korn, Supriya Rajpal, J W Park, Margaret A. Tempero, Alan P. Venook, Emily K. Bergsland,

Gastrointestinal Tumor Research and Treatment

This phase 1 clinical trial was conducted to determine the safety, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics of imatinib, bevacizumab, and metronomic cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with refractory stage IV CRC were treated with bevacizumab 5 mg kg−1 i.v. every 2 weeks (fixed dose) plus oral cyclophosphamide q.d. and imatinib q.d. or b.i.d. in 28-day cycles with 3+3 dose escalation. Response was assessed every two cycles. Pharmacokinetics of imatinib and cyclophosphamide and circulating tumour, endothelial, and immune cell subsets were measured. Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Maximum-tolerated doses were cyclophosphamide 50 mg q.d., imatinib 400 mg q.d., and bevacizumab 5 mg kg−1 i.v. every 2 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included nausea/vomiting, neutropaenia, hyponatraemia, fistula, and haematuria. The DLT window required expansion to 42 days (1.5 cycles) to capture delayed toxicities. Imatinib exposure increased insignificantly after adding cyclophosphamide. Seven patients (20%) experienced stable disease for >6 months. Circulating tumour, endothelial, or immune cells were not associated with progression-free survival. The combination of metronomic cyclophosphamide, imatinib, and bevacizumab is safe and tolerable without significant drug interactions. A subset of patients experienced prolonged stable disease independent of dose level.