Voltar
Artigo Revisado por pares
BIBTEX RIS

Another Look at Growth and Defense in Less Developed Countries

1983; University of Chicago Press; Volume: 31; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1086/451326

ISSN

1539-2988

Autores

David Lim,

Tópico(s)

Defense, Military, and Policy Studies

Resumo

Previous articleNext article No AccessAnother Look at Growth and Defense in Less Developed CountriesDavid LimDavid LimPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 31, Number 2Jan., 1983 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451326 Views: 17Total views on this site Citations: 110Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1983 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz, Abdullah Zeybekoglu The Effect of Defense Expenditures and Peace on Economic Growth, (Aug 2022): 1465–1481.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7460-0.ch078Hiroyuki Hoshiro Deconstructing the ‘Yoshida Doctrine’, Japanese Journal of Political Science 23, no.22 (Feb 2022): 105–128.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1468109922000019Mesut Alper GEZER The Causality Relationship between Military Expenditure and GDP in 12 NATO Member Countries based on Per Capita Values, Sosyoekonomi (Apr 2022): 157–181.https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.09Enas Naji Kadim, Ali Haif Abbas COVID-19 and the irony of military expenditures: non-verbal semiotic discourse study, Heliyon 8, no.44 (Apr 2022): e09324.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09324Özkan ZÜLFÜOĞLU Savunma Harcamaları Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (Oct 2021).https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.905022Ourania Dimitraki, Sandar Win Military Expenditure Economic Growth Nexus in Jordan: An Application of ARDL Bound Test Analysis in the Presence of Breaks, Defence and Peace Economics 32, no.77 (Feb 2020): 864–881.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2020.1730113E. Desli, A. Gkoulgkoutsika Military spending and economic growth: a panel data investigation, Economic Change and Restructuring 54, no.33 (Feb 2020): 781–806.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-020-09267-8Oasis Kodila-Tedika, Sherif Khalifa African Junta and Defence Spending: A Capture Effect or Self-preservation?, Journal of African Economies 30, no.33 (Dec 2020): 285–300.https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejaa015Turgay CEYHAN, Ahmet KÖSTEKÇİ THE EFFECT OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (May 2021).https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.898944Aamir Syed The Asymmetric Relationship Between Military Expenditure, Economic Growth and Industrial Productivity: An Empirical Analysis of India, China and Pakistan Via the NARDL Approach, Revista Finanzas y Política Económica 13, no.11 (Mar 2021).https://doi.org/10.14718/revfinanzpolitecon.v13.n1.2021.4Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz, Abdullah Zeybekoglu The Effect of Defense Expenditures and Peace on Economic Growth, (Jan 2021): 518–534.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4459-4.ch029Muhammad Azam Does military spending stifle economic growth? The empirical evidence from non-OECD countries, Heliyon 6, no.1212 (Dec 2020): e05853.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05853Osman KANCA, Rahmi YAMAK Türkiye Ekonomisi Açısından Benoit Hipotezinin Testi, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences (Jul 2020).https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.722344, Van Loi TA, Quoc Hoi LE, Thi Lien Huong NGUYEN, Thuy Thao PHAN, Anh Duc DO Investigating Foreign Direct Investment Attractive Factors of Korean Direct Investment into Vietnam, The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 7, no.66 (Jun 2020): 117–125.https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.117Mohammad Hasan Raju, Zobayer Ahmed Effect of military expenditure on economic growth: evidences from India Pakistan and China using cointegration and causality analysis, Asian Journal of German and European Studies 4, no.11 (Jun 2019).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40856-019-0040-6Nusrate Aziz, Usman Khalid Armed Conflict, Military Expenses and FDI Inflow to Developing Countries, Defence and Peace Economics 30, no.22 (Oct 2017): 238–251.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1388066Taimur Rahman, Danish Ahmed Siddiqui The Effect of Military Spending on Economic Growth in the Presence of Arms Trade: A Global Analysis, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3401331Serhan Cevik, John Ricco No buck for the bang: revisiting the military-growth nexus, Empirica 45, no.44 (Jun 2017): 639–653.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-017-9380-8Mainak Bhattacharjee, Debashis Mazumdar The Opportunity Costs of Military Expenditure, (Jan 2018): 271–284.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4778-5.ch015Rajib Bhattacharyya Relationship Between Military Expenditure, Economic Growth, and Social Expenditure in India, China, and Bangladesh, (Jan 2018): 285–306.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4778-5.ch016Richardson Kojo Edeme Defense-Education Expenditure Nexus in Economic Growth of Nigeria, (Jan 2018): 307–329.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4778-5.ch017Ming Zhong, Tsangyao Chang, Samrat Goswami, Rangan Gupta, Tien-Wei Lou The nexus between military expenditures and economic growth in the BRICS and the US: an empirical note, Defence and Peace Economics 28, no.55 (Feb 2016): 609–620.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2016.1144897E. Desli, A. Gkoulgkoutsika, C. Katrakilidis Investigating the Dynamic Interaction between Military Spending and Economic Growth, Review of Development Economics 21, no.33 (Jun 2016): 511–526.https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12268Bernard Harborne, William Dorotinsky, Paul M. Bisca Introduction to Securing Development, (Jun 2017): 61–104.https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0766-4_ch1Nusrate Aziz, M. Niaz Asadullah Military spending, armed conflict and economic growth in developing countries in the post-Cold War era, Journal of Economic Studies 44, no.11 (Jan 2017): 47–68.https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-01-2015-0021Abdul Jalil, Hafiz Khuram Nadeem Abbasi, Nazia Bibi Military expenditures and economic growth: allowing structural breaks in time series analysis in the case of India and Pakistan, Quality & Quantity 50, no.44 (May 2015): 1487–1505.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0217-xTsangyao Chang, Chien-Chiang Lee, Hsiao-Ping Chu Revisiting the Defense–Growth nexus in European countries, Defence and Peace Economics 26, no.33 (Sep 2013): 341–356.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2013.832556Metehan Yilgör, Erdal Tanas Karagöl, Çiğdem Ateş Saygili Panel Causality Analysis Between Defence Expenditure and Economic Growth in Developed Countries, Defence and Peace Economics 25, no.22 (Oct 2012): 193–203.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.724879Tsangyao Chang, Chien-Chiang Lee, Ken Hung, Kuo-Hao Lee Does Military Spending Really Matter for Economic Growth in China and G7 Countries: The Roles of Dependency and Heterogeneity, Defence and Peace Economics 25, no.22 (Jan 2013): 177–191.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2013.763460Hamid E. Ali Estimate of The Economic Cost of Armed Conflict: A Case Study From Darfur, Defence and Peace Economics 24, no.66 (Dec 2013): 503–519.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.723154Muhammad Shahbaz, Nuno Carlos Leitão, Gazi Salah Uddin, Mohamed Arouri, Frédéric Teulon Should Portuguese economy invest in defense spending? A revisit, Economic Modelling 35 (Sep 2013): 805–815.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.038Geneviève Schméder Le casse-tête économique des dépenses militaires, Innovations n° 42, no.33 (Aug 2013): 17–38.https://doi.org/10.3917/inno.042.0017Aviral Kumar Tiwari, Muhammad Shahbaz DOES DEFENCE SPENDING STIMULATE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA? A REVISIT, Defence and Peace Economics 24, no.44 (Aug 2013): 371–395.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.710814Muhammad Shahbaz, Talat Afza, Muhammad Shahbaz Shabbir DOES DEFENCE SPENDING IMPEDE ECONOMIC GROWTH? COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY ANALYSIS FOR PAKISTAN, Defence and Peace Economics 24, no.22 (Apr 2013): 105–120.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.723159Aynur Alptekin, Paul Levine Military expenditure and economic growth: A meta-analysis, European Journal of Political Economy 28, no.44 (Dec 2012): 636–650.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.07.002Sibel Bali Eryigit, Kadir Yasin Eryigit, Ufuk Selen THE LONG-RUN LINKAGES BETWEEN EDUCATION, HEALTH AND DEFENCE EXPENDITURES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY, Defence and Peace Economics 23, no.66 (Dec 2012): 559–574.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2012.663577Yi-Chung Hsu, Chien-Chiang Lee The impact of military technology transfer on economic growth: international evidence, Applied Economics 44, no.1919 (May 2011): 2437–2449.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.564152Albert Wijeweera, Matthew J. Webb Using the Feder-Ram and Military Keynesian Models to Examine the Link Between Defence Spending and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka, Defence and Peace Economics 23, no.33 (Jun 2012): 303–311.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2011.593352Hsin-Chen Chang, Bwo-Nung Huang, Chin Wei Yang Military expenditure and economic growth across different groups: A dynamic panel Granger-causality approach, Economic Modelling 28, no.66 (Nov 2011): 2416–2423.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.06.001Mete Feridun, Bansi Sawhney, Muhammad Shahbaz The Impact of Military Spending on Economic Growth: The Case of North Cyprus, Defence and Peace Economics 22, no.55 (Oct 2011): 555–562.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2011.562370Albert J.F. Yang, William N. Trumbull, Chin Wei Yang, Bwo‐Nung Huang ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MILITARY EXPENDITURE, THREAT, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A NONLINEAR APPROACH, Defence and Peace Economics 22, no.44 (Aug 2011): 449–457.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2010.497723Christos Kollias, Suzanna‐Maria Paleologou Growth, investment and military expenditure in the European Union‐15, Journal of Economic Studies 37, no.22 (May 2010): 228–240.https://doi.org/10.1108/01443581011043618Mete Feridun, Muhammad Shahbaz FIGHTING TERRORISM: ARE MILITARY MEASURES EFFECTIVE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY, Defence and Peace Economics 21, no.22 (Apr 2010): 193–205.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690903568884Albert Wijeweera, Matthew J. Webb MILITARY SPENDING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SRI LANKA: A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Defence and Peace Economics 20, no.66 (Dec 2009): 499–508.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690902868301Riad A. Attar Chapter 5 Theories and models, (Mar 2015): 93–113.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1572-8323(2009)0000013007 References, (Mar 2015): 179–190.https://doi.org/10.1108/S1572-8323(2009)0000013011Huseyin Kalyoncu, Fatih Yucel An analytical approach on defense expenditure and economic growth, Journal of Economic Studies 33, no.55 (Sep 2006): 336–343.https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580610706564Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee, Gour G. Goswami Military spending and the black market premium in developing countries, Review of Social Economy 64, no.11 (Mar 2006): 77–91.https://doi.org/10.1080/00346760500530169PAK SHUN NG "WHY NOT A VOLUNTEER ARMY?" REEXAMINING THE IMPACT OF MILITARY CONSCRIPTION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH FOR SINGAPORE, The Singapore Economic Review 50, no.0101 (Apr 2005): 47–67.https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590805001871CHUNG‐NANG LAI, BWO‐NUNG HUANG †, CHIN‐WEI YANG Defense spending and economic growth across the Taiwan straits: a threshold regression model, Defence and Peace Economics 16, no.11 (Jan 2005): 45–57.https://doi.org/10.1080/1024269052000323542Peter Nijkamp, Jacques Poot Meta-analysis of the effect of fiscal policies on long-run growth, European Journal of Political Economy 20, no.11 (Mar 2004): 91–124.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.10.001Suleiman Abu-Bader, Aamer S. Abu-Qarn Government expenditures, military spending and economic growth: causality evidence from Egypt, Israel, and Syria, Journal of Policy Modeling 25, no.6-76-7 (Sep 2003): 567–583.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-8938(03)00057-7Oyinlola Olaniyi Military Spending and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Supply-Side Analysis, (Jan 2002): 275–289.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230501256_13Nikiforos T. Laopodis Effects of government spending on private investment, Applied Economics 33, no.1212 (Oct 2010): 1563–1577.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840010011934Nisha Arunatilake, Sisira Jayasuriya, Saman Kelegama The Economic Cost of the War in Sri Lanka, World Development 29, no.99 (Sep 2001): 1483–1500.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00056-0Tsangyao Chang, Wenshwo Fang, Li-Fang Wen, Chwenchi Liu Defence spending, economic growth and temporal causality: evidence from Taiwan and mainland China, 1952-1995, Applied Economics 33, no.1010 (Aug 2001): 1289–1299.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840122529Peter Nijkamp, Jacques Poot, Gabriella Vindigni Spatial Dynamics and Government Policy: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Comparing Complex Systems, (Jan 2001): 369–401.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04546-6_18Gyan Pradhan Economic cost of Sri Lanka's ethnic conflict, Journal of Contemporary Asia 31, no.33 (May 2007): 375–384.https://doi.org/10.1080/00472330180000221Paul Dunne, Eftychia Nikolaidou, Dimitrios Vougas Defence spending and economic growth: A causal analysis for Greece and Turkey*, Defence and Peace Economics 12, no.11 (Jan 2001): 5–26.https://doi.org/10.1080/10430710108404974Ahmed. A. A. Asseery External military threat and the response of the member states of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), Applied Economics 32, no.66 (Oct 2010): 723–728.https://doi.org/10.1080/000368400322345Robert E. Looney The Budgetary Consequences of Middle East Peace: What are the Economic Impacts and Causal Linkages?, (Jan 2000): 99–118.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333994269_7Nicholas Antonakis Guns versus Butter, Journal of Conflict Resolution 43, no.44 (Aug 1999): 501–520.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002799043004005T. Y. Wang Arms Transfers and Coups d'État: A Study on Sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of Peace Research 35, no.66 (Jun 2016): 659–675.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343398035006001HSI-CHENG LI, SAM MIRMIRANI GLOBAL TRANSFER OF ARMS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, Contemporary Economic Policy 16, no.44 (Oct 1998): 486–498.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1998.tb00536.xManuel Ennes Ferreira, Carlos Barros From war to economic recovery: Peace as a public good in Angola*, Defence and Peace Economics 9, no.33 (Oct 2007): 283–297.https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719808404904Uk Heo, Kwang H. Ro Military expenditures and economic growth in South Korea and Taiwan, International Interactions 24, no.22 (Jun 1998): 171–186.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629808434925Philip R. Gerson, The Impact of Fiscal Policy Variableson Output Growth, IMF Working Papers 98, no.11 (Jan 1998): 1.https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451841602.001Abdul M.M. Masih, Rumi Masih, Mohammad S. Hasan New evidence from an alternative methodological approach to the defence spending‐economic growth causality issue in the case of mainland China, Journal of Economic Studies 24, no.33 (Jun 1997): 123–140.https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589710167347N. Antonakis Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in Greece, 1960-90, Journal of Peace Research 34, no.11 (Feb 1997): 89–100.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343397034001007UK HEO The Political Economy of Defense Spending in South Korea, Journal of Peace Research 33, no.44 (Jul 2016): 483–490.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343396033004008Ahmed. A. A. Asseery Evidence from time series on militarizing the economy: the case of Iraq, Applied Economics 28, no.1010 (Oct 2010): 1257–1261.https://doi.org/10.1080/000368496327804 References, (Mar 2015): 555–582.https://doi.org/10.1108/S0573-8555(1996)0000235030Jonathan Lipow, Camille M. Antinori External security threats, defense expenditures, and the economic growth of less-developed countries, Journal of Policy Modeling 17, no.66 (Dec 1995): 579–595.https://doi.org/10.1016/0161-8938(95)00021-6Michael Chletsos, Christos Kollias Defence spending and growth in Greece 1974–90: some preliminary econometric results, Applied Economics 27, no.99 (Jul 2006): 883–890.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036849500000042Gary G. Madden, Paula I. Haslehurst Causal analysis of Australian economic growth and military expenditure: A note, Defence and Peace Economics 6, no.22 (Sep 1995): 115–121.https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719508404818Michael D. Ward, Mohan Penubarti, Jordin S. Cohen, Corey L. Lofdahl Guns and growth around the globe, International Interactions 21, no.22 (Mar 1995): 181–201.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629508434865Julia Kwong, Zachary Zimmer Militarization and social development in the Third World, The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 31, no.11 (Sep 2016): 64–81.https://doi.org/10.1177/144078339503100105Rati Ram Chapter 10 Defense expenditure and economic growth, (Jan 1995): 251–274.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0013(05)80012-2Christos G. Kollias Preliminary findings on the economic effects of Greek military expenditure, Applied Economics Letters 2, no.11 (Jan 1995): 16–18.https://doi.org/10.1080/135048595357735Ron Matthews Country survey IV: Pakistan, Defence and Peace Economics 5, no.44 (Nov 1994): 315–338.https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719408404802STEPHANIE G. NEUMAN Arms Transfers, Military Assistance, and Defense Industries: Socioeconomic Burden or Opportunity?, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 535, no.11 (Sep 2016): 91–109.https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716294535001007Daniel Landau The impact of military expenditures on economic growth in the less developed countries∗, Defence and Peace Economics 5, no.33 (Jul 1994): 205–220.https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719408404793Alex Mintz, Randolph T. Stevenson Armament and Development: An Empirical Assessment of the Impact of Military Spending on Economic Growth in Developing Countries, (Jan 1994): 245–253.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23695-4_23Chien‐Hsun Chen Causality between Defence Spending and Economic Growth: The Case of Mainland China, Journal of Economic Studies 20, no.66 (Jun 1993).https://doi.org/10.1108/01443589310048145Steve Chan Military burden, economic growth, and income inequality, (Dec 2009).https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203203590.ch9Susan M. McMillan Economic growth and military spending in South Africa, International Interactions 18, no.11 (Jul 1992): 35–50.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629208434792Walter Isard, Charles H. Anderton A SURVEY OF THE PEACE ECONOMICS LITERATURE, (Jan 1992): 1–55.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-88848-8.50006-3Manas Chatterji REGIONAL CONFLICT AND MILITARY SPENDING IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, (Jan 1992): 235–248.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-88848-8.50016-6Robert E. Looney The impact of defence expenditures on Arab industrial development, Arms Control 12, no.22 (Sep 2007): 304–324.https://doi.org/10.1080/01440389108403957Abdur R. Chowdhury A Causal Analysis of Defense Spending and Economic Growth, Journal of Conflict Resolution 35, no.11 (Mar 1991): 80–97.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002791035001005Robert E. Looney Defense Expenditures and Economic Performance in South Asia: Tests of Causality and Interdependence, Conflict Management and Peace Science 11, no.22 (Aug 2016): 37–67.https://doi.org/10.1177/073889429101100203W. Robert J. Alexander The impact of defence spending on economic growth∗, Defence Economics 2, no.11 (Dec 1990): 39–55.https://doi.org/10.1080/10430719008404677David R. Davis, Steve Chan The Security-Welfare Relationship: Longitudinal Evidence from Taiwan, Journal of Peace Research 27, no.11 (Feb 1990): 87–100.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343390027001008R. G. Matthews The Development of India's Defence‐Industrial Base, Journal of Strategic Studies 12, no.44 (Dec 1989): 405–430.https://doi.org/10.1080/01402398908437389Lisa M. Grobar, Richard C. Porter Benoit Revisited:, Journal of Conflict Resolution 33, no.22 (Jul 2016): 318–345.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002789033002007Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong Defense Spending and Economic Growth in Subsaharan Africa: An Econometric Investigation, Journal of Peace Research 26, no.11 (Jun 2016): 79–90.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343389026001008Steve Chan Taiwan's calculus on military spending, International Interactions 14, no.33 (Jul 1988): 267–281.https://doi.org/10.1080/03050628808434709Miles Kahler External Ambition and Economic Performance, World Politics 40, no.44 (Jun 2011): 419–451.https://doi.org/10.2307/2010313Robert E. Looney Impact of Arms Production on Third-World Distribution and Growth, (Jan 1988): 50–68.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09658-9_3Robert E. Looney Macroeconomic Impacts of Third-World Arms Production, (Jan 1988): 69–89.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09658-9_4Robert E. Looney Environments Conducive to Latin American Arms Production, (Jan 1988): 164–181.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09658-9_9Robert E. Looney The role of military expenditures in pre‐revolutionary Iran's economic decline, Iranian Studies 21, no.3-43-4 (Feb 2007): 52–83.https://doi.org/10.1080/00210868808701717Robert E. Looney Budgetary Impacts of third world arms production, International Journal of Public Administration 11, no.55 (Jan 1988): 601–621.https://doi.org/10.1080/01900698808524605James H. Lebovic, Ashfaq Ishaq Military Burden, Security Needs, and Economic Growth in the Middle East, Journal of Conflict Resolution 31, no.11 (Mar 1987): 106–138.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002787031001007William J. Dixon, Bruce E. Moon The Military Burden and Basic Human Needs, Journal of Conflict Resolution 30, no.44 (Dec 1986): 660–684.https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002786030004004Robert E. Looney, P.C. Frederiksen Defense Expenditures, External Public Debt and Growth in Developing Countries, Journal of Peace Research 23, no.44 (Dec 1986): 329–337.https://doi.org/10.1177/002234338602300403Alfred Maizels, Machiko K. Nissanke The determinants of military expenditures in developing countries, World Development 14, no.99 (Sep 1986): 1125–1140.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(86)90115-4Wayne Joerding Economic growth and defense spending, Journal of Development Economics 21, no.11 (Apr 1986): 35–40.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90037-4Jang H.Yoo* Does Korea Trace Japan's Footsteps? A Macroeconomic Appraisal, Kyklos 38, no.44 (Nov 1985): 578–598.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1985.tb01247.xP. C. Frederiksen, Robert E. Looney Another look at the defense spending and development hypothesis, Defense Analysis 1, no.33 (Oct 2007): 205–210.https://doi.org/10.1080/07430178508405204

Referência(s)