People Power in the Era of Global Crisis: rebellion, resistance, and liberation
2012; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 33; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/01436597.2012.664897
ISSN1360-2241
Autores Tópico(s)Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, and Politics
ResumoAbstract This article examines the relationship between oppression, injustice, and liberation both theoretically and practically and in relation to contemporary global events and political history. The struggle for human freedom and liberation from structures of oppression and exploitation, and the relation to democracy and to the agents of social change, is the central subject of the analysis. The article summarises the critical analyses of the contributors to this collection, who examine the past several decades of `People Power' via popular struggles for substantive democratisation, and assess both the obstacles and achievements of these movements in a context of global, regional, and national political economic tendencies. The authors revisit the theses of `Low Intensity Democracy', which appeared in the early 1990s, in light of the recent upsurge of popular protest and rebellion in the context of an on-going global crisis. Notes 1 S Freud, Civilization and its Discontents, London: Penguin, 1994, p 42. 2 A Camus, The Rebel, London: Penguin, 1984, pp 26–28. 3 H Marcuse, An Essay on Liberation, Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1969, pp ix–x. 4 S Weil, Oppression and Liberty, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958, pp 83–84. 5 GWF Hegel, The Philosophy of History, New York: Dover, 2004, pp 44–48, 73, 71, 73. 6 I Wallerstein, ‘The fantastic success of Occupy Wall Street’, at http://www.iwallerstein.com/fantastic-success-occupy-wall-street/, 15 October 2011, accessed 31 January 2012. 7 P Mason, Why It's Kicking off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions, London: Verso, 2012. 8 BK Gills, ‘Editorial: “globalisation” and the “politics of resistance”’, New Political Economy, 2(1), 1997, pp 11–15; and BK Gills (ed), Globalization and the Politics of Resistance, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, p 3. 9 Weil, Oppression and Liberty, p 83. 10 Ibid, pp 19–20. 11 A Jones, ‘Ten people who changed the world: Ai Weiwei, Chinese artist became a truly global force’, Independent Magazine, 31 December 2011, p 8. 12 S Jeffries, ‘What the philosopher saw’, FT.Com Magazine, May 2010, p 18. 13 Ibid, p 21. 14 BK Gills & J Rocamora, ‘Low intensity democracy’, Third World Quarterly, 13(3), 1992, pp 501–523; BK Gills, J Rocamora & R Wilson, ‘Low intensity democracy’, in Gills, Rocamora & Wilson (eds), Low Intensity Democracy: Political Power in the New World Order, London: Pluto, 1993, pp 3–34. 15 Gills et al, ‘Low intensity democracy’, p 4. 16 Ibid, p 7. See also WI Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 17 Gills et al, ‘Low intensity democracy’, p 10. 18 Ibid, p 11. 19 S Amin, ‘The issue of democracy in the contemporary Third World’, in Gills et al, Low Intensity Democracy, p 60. 20 Gills et al, ‘Low intensity democracy’, p 4. 21 A Przeworski, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, p 98. See also L Diamond, ‘The globalization of democracy’, in RO Slater, BM Schutz & SR Dorr (eds), Global Transformation and the Third World, London: Adamantine Press, 1993, pp 31–69. 22 K Gray, ‘Challenges to the theory and practice of polyarchy: the rise of the political left in Korea’, Third World Quarterly, 29(1), 2008, pp 107–124. 23 See also ED Dussel, Twenty Theses on Politics, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008; BK Gills, ‘Globalization, crisis and transformation: World systemic crisis and the historical dialectics of capital', Globalizations, 7(1–2), pp 275–288. 24 BK Gills, ‘Going South: capitalist crisis, systemic crisis, civilisational crisis’, Third World Quarterly, 31(2), 2010, pp 169–184; and Gills, ‘Globalization, crisis and transformation: world systemic crisis and the historical dialectics of capital’, in Gills (ed), Globalization in Crisis, London: Routledge, 2011, pp 273–286. 25 J Shenker, ‘This proves that the revolution never went away. It's here, it's alive, and it's stronger’, Guardian, 26 January 2012, p 3. 26 Chandras Choudhury, Guardian Weekly, 27 January 2012. 27 Gills & Rocamora, ‘Low intensity democracy’; and Gills et al, ‘Low intensity democracy’. 28 Guardian Weekly, 27 January 2012. 29 Ibid, p 6; and Arundhati Roy, Walking with the Comrades, London: Penguin, 2011. 30 ‘Davos 2012: income disparity heads list of concerns’, Financial Times, 26 January 2012, p 7. 31 M Wolf, ‘Seven ways to fix capitalism’, Financial Times, 23 January 2012, p 9. 32 ‘Merkel casts doubt on hope of saving Greece from meltdown: German chancellor says closer political union necessary to strengthen eurozone’, Guardian, 26 January 2012, pp 1–2. 33 ‘Bank of England's agents tell a grim tale of post-bubble Britain’, Guardian, 26 January 2012, p 5. 34 Matthew Weaver & Lizzie Davies, Guardian, 2 January 2012, p 4. 35 Financial Times, 26 January 2012, p 6. 36 P Inman & P Wintour, ‘Blame game starts as Britain edges closer to another recession’, Guardian, 26 January 2012, p 4. 37 M Wolf, ‘Europe is stuck on life support’, Financial Times, p 11. 38 M Cohen, ‘A radical new era in US politics on the way’, Guardian Weekly, 27 January 2012. 39 A Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London: Pelican, 1970, quoted on a poster at the Occupy encampment, St Paul's Cathedral, London, 8 January 2012, the 104th day of occupation just before the camp's eviction. 40 Gills, ‘Globalization, crisis and transformation’, pp 282–283. 41 H Ben Amr, ‘The rap that sparked a revolution’, El General (Tunisia), 2011. 42 A Al-Qormezi, ‘First poem of resistance’, 2011; and AM Agathangelou, ‘Making anew an Arab regional order? On poetry, sex, and revolution’, Globalizations (special issue on the Arab revolution, eds A Agathangelou & N Soguk), 8(5), 2011, p 588. See also http://abhibhut.blogspot.com/2011/06/two-poems-of-resistance.html.
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