American and European Responses to the Arab Spring: What's the Big Idea?
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 34; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/0163660x.2011.610728
ISSN1530-9177
Autores Tópico(s)International Development and Aid
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgement The analytical basis of this article was developed in collaboration with staff of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) while Uri Dadush served as a consultant for the Middle East and Central Asia Department. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Notes 1. Senator Joseph Lieberman, “Egypt in Transition,” Briefing at the U.S. Capitol, July 22, 2011, http://www.acus.org/event/senator-lieberman-and-egyptian-transition. 2. “Declaration of the G8 on the Arab Spring,” G8 Summit of Deauville, May 27, 2011, http://www.g20-g8.com/g8-g20/g8/english/live/news/declaration-of-the-g8-on-the-arab-springs.1316.html 3. President Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa” (speech, Washington, D.C., May 19, 2011), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/19/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africahttp://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/19/remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa. 4. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, “Remarks With General James E. Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff – U.S. Capitol Building,” February 17, 2011, http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2011/02/156761.htm 5. “U.S. to forgive third of Egypt debt over three years,” Reuters, June 30, 2011, http://af.reuters.com/article/egyptNews/idAFLDE75T18720110630 6. U.S. Department of State, “Assistance to Egypt – Fact Sheet,” May 19, 2011, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/05/163818.htm 7. Mohammad Tayseer, “OPIC Secures $500 Million Lending to Egypt, Jordan Businesses,” Bloomberg, July 3, 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-03/opic-secures-500-million-lending-to-egypt-jordan-businesses.html 8. “Kerry, McCain, Lieberman push funds for Egypt, Tunisia,” Politico, March 10, 2011,http://www.politico.com/blogs/glennthrush/0311/Kerry_McCain_Lieberman_push_funds_for_Egypt_Tunisia.html 9. USAID, “Tunisia – Disaster Assistance at a Glance,” http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/countries/tunisia/template/index.html 10. USAID, “Transition Initiatives – Tunisia,”http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_programs/transition_initiatives/country/tunisia/index.html 11. The Middle East Partnership Initiative, “MEPI Kicks Off Grant to Support Tunisia's Democratic Transition,” May 19, 2011, http://mepi.state.gov/mh72711a.html 12. USAID, “Libya – Complex Emergency,” Humanitarian Fact Sheet #35 FY 2011, July 15, 2011, http://usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/countries/libya/template/fs_sr/fy2011/libya_ce_fs35_07-15-2011.pdfhttp://usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/countries/libya/template/fs_sr/fy2011/libya_ce_fs35_07-15-2011.pdf. 13. “EBRD shareholders aim for Arab expansion,” Agence France-Presse, May 21, 2011, http://www.france24.com/en/20110521-ebrd-shareholders-aim-arab-expansion 14. European Commission, “The Commission has proposed today to increase the funding for European Neighbourhood Instrument,” June 30, 2011, http://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/egypt/press_corner/all_news/news/2011/20110703_2_en.htm 15. European Investment Bank, “Projects to be Financed – Mediterranean Countries,” http://www.eib.org/projects/pipeline/regions/mediterranean-countries/index.htm 16. Gonzalo Vina, “Cameron Pledges $180 Million Aid Package for Egypt, Tunisia,” Bloomberg, May 26, 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-26/cameron-pledges-180-million-aid-package-for-egypt-tunisia.html 17. ‘‘Germany to Forgive $340 Million in Egyptian Debt.’’ Associated Press, August 12, 2011, http://www.foxnews.com/world/2011/08/12/germany-to-forgive-340-millionin-egyptian-debt/ 18. Tarek el-Tablawy. ‘‘Egypt Seeking Debt Relief From European Union.’’ Associated Press, February 22, 2011, http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory?id=12970048 19. “AFD signs first €200 million to support transition in Tunisia on sidelines of G8,” Agence Francaise de Developpement, May 27, 2011, http://www.afd.fr/cache/bypass/lang/en/home/projets_afd/education/ctnscroll_ActualitesList/6_6 20. Eman Al-Shenawi, “UAE gives $3 billion aid package to Egypt,” Al-Arabiya, July 5, 2011, http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/07/05/156193.html 21. See “Egypt's Democratic Transition: Five Important Myths about the Economy and International Assistance,” Legatum Institute and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in association with the Atlantic Council, July 2011, http://www.acus.org/publication/egypts-democratic-transition-five-important-myths 22. Anna Ferragina, Giorgia Giovannetti, and Francesco Pastore, “A Tale of Parallel Integration Processes: A Gravity Analysis of EU Trade with Mediterranean and Central and Eastern European Countries,” IZA Discussion Paper No. 1829, October 2005. 23. E.M. Ekanayake and John Ledgerwood, “An Analysis of the Intra-Regional Trade in the Middle East and North Africa Region,” International Journal of Business and Financial Research 3, no. 1 (2009): p. 19. 24. R.S. Miniesy, J.B. Nugent, and T.M. Yousef, “Intra-regional trade integration in the Middle East: Past performance and future potential,” in Trade Policy and Economic Integration in the Middle East and North Africa: Economic boundaries in flux, eds. H. Hakimian and J.B. Nugent (London: Routledge, 2004). 25. Arup Banerji and Hafez Ghanem, “Does the Type of Political Regime Matter for Trade and Labor Market Policies?” The World Bank Economic Review 11, no. 1 (1997): pp. 171–194. 26. Andre Sapir et al., “An Agenda for a Growing Europe: Making the EU Economic System Deliver,” Report of an Independent High-Level Study Group established on the initiative of the President of the European Commission, July 2003, http://www.euractiv.com/ndbtext/innovation/sapirreport.pdf 27. Scott MacLeod, “Egypt Frees a Dissident: A Gesture for Obama?” Time Magazine, February 19, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1880767,00.html Additional informationNotes on contributorsUri DadushUri Dadush is Director of the International Economics Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International PeaceMichele DunneMichele Dunne is Director of the Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East at the Atlantic Council
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