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Mapuche Poetry in Post-Dictatorship Chile: Confronting the Dilemmas of Neoliberal Multiculturalism

2008; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 17; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/13569320802228062

1469-9575

Joanna Crow,

Latin American history and culture

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 The full speech can be found at http://www.gobiernodechile.cl. Unless otherwise stated, all translations are my own. 2 Lienlaf was awarded the Premio Municipal de Literatura de Santiago in 1990. Chihuailaf received the same award in 1997; he has also won the Premio del Consejo Nacional del Libro y la Lectura (1994) and the Mejores Obras Literarias de Autores Nacionales (2002). Lienlaf's compact disc Canto y poesía mapuche (1998) was part funded by DIBAM (the State Department of Libraries, Archives and Museums). Numerous workshops, such as the Taller Sudamericana de Escritores de Lenguas Indígenas (1997), in which both Chihuailaf and Lienlaf participated, have been financed by state entities. A major school textbook which included Mapuche poems was Carmen Colomer Salazar et al. (Citation2001). 3 Relevant cultural reviews and literary journals are Patrimonio Cultural (Santiago), Rocinante (Santiago), Simpson Siete (Santiago), Revista Chilena de Literatura (Santiago) and Lengua y Literatura Mapuche (Temuco). Bibliographical studies that reference Chihuailaf and Lienlaf include Domínguez (Citation1993) and Szmulewicz (Citation1997). Most academic theses and research projects on Mapuche poetry, such as Barrenechea (Citation2002) and Moens (Citation1999), draw heavily on the work of Hugo Carrasco (Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco) and Iván Carrasco (Universidad Austral, Valdivia), who have each published scores of articles on the subject. 4 Cited in El Diario Austral, Temuco, 23 August 1978, 3. 5 I am very grateful to Jens Andermann and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this article. 6 In one of the few pieces of Anglophone scholarship published on Mapuche poetry, James CitationPark noted the importance that Chihuailaf places on the words of his ancestors (2007:24). His work helpfully draws out the diversity of indigenous writers in contemporary Chile, but in stressing the distinction between a new generation of Mapuche-Huilliche poets from the tenth region and an older generation of poets from the ninth region (including Chihuailaf), who are described as ‘rooted in traditional indigenous culture and aesthetic’ (p. 38), he tends to sideline the complexities and internal tensions of the latter's literary production. 7 One recent exception is García Barrera's analysis (2006) of the ‘themes of cultural resistance’ in Oratorio al señor de Pucatrihue. 8 See Aldunate and Lienlaf (Citation2002) and Lienlaf and Mege Rosso (Citation2000). 9 Taller de Desclasificación, organized by the Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, 1 August 2003. 10 In this instance, Lienhard is referring to indigenous religious practice and their attitudes towards Christianity, but the point is just as relevant to indigenous peoples’ use of the dominant Spanish language. 11 All quotations from Aniñir's poety (Mapurbe, ‘Psalmo 1997’ and ‘Mari Juana la mapunky de la Pintana’) are either taken from the anthology edited by Jaime Huenún (Citation2003) or from the website http://www.meli.mapuches.org 12 Millahueique was arrested and tortured during the dictatorship, losing his right eye as a result.