Oral ecology and person‐to‐person transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis
1999; Wiley; Volume: 20; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00158.x
ISSN1600-0757
Autores Tópico(s)Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
ResumoPeriodontology 2000Volume 20, Issue 1 p. 65-81 Oral ecology and person-to-person transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis Sirkka Asikainen, Sirkka AsikainenSearch for more papers by this authorCasey Chen, Casey ChenSearch for more papers by this author Sirkka Asikainen, Sirkka AsikainenSearch for more papers by this authorCasey Chen, Casey ChenSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 February 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00158.xCitations: 105AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Alaluusua S, Asikainen S. Detection and distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the primary dentition. J Periodontol 1988: 59: 504– 507. 2 Alaluusua S, Asikainen S, Lai CH. Intrafamilial transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 207– 210. 3 Alaluusua S, Saarela M, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Ribotyping shows intrafamilial similarity in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolates. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993: 8: 225– 229. 4 Ali RW, Johannessen AC, Dahlén G, Socransky SS, Skaug N. Comparison of the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy and diseased adults in northern Cameroon. J Clin Periodontol 1997: 24: 830– 835. 5 Ali RW, Martin L, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Detection of identical ribotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients residing in the United States, Sudan, Romania and Norway. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1997: 12: 106– 111. 6 Ashimoto A, Chen C, Bakker I, Slots J. Polymerase chain reaction detection of 8 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of gingivitis and advanced perodontitis lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996: 11: 266– 273. 7 Asikainen S. Occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and spirochetes in relation to age in localized juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1986: 57: 537– 541. 8 Asikainen S, Alaluusua S, Saxén L. Recovery of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from teeth, tongue, and saliva. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 203– 206. 9 Asikainen S, Chen C, Saarela M, Saxén L, Slots J. Clonal specificity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in destructive periodontal disease. Clin Infect Dis 1997: 25: S227– 229. 10 Asikainen S, Chen C, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans genotypes in relation to serotypes and periodontal status. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1995: 10: 65– 68. 11 Asikainen S, Chen C, Slots J. Likelihood of transmitting Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in families with periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996: 11: 387– 394. 12 Asikainen S, Jousimies-Somer H, Kanervo A, Saxén L. The immediate efficacy of adjunctive doxycycline in treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 1990: 35(suppl): 231S– 234S. 13 Asikainen S, Jousimies-Somer H, Kanervo A, Summanen P. Certain bacterial species and morphotypes in localized juvenile periodontitis and in matched controls. J Periodontol 1987: 58: 224– 230. 14 Asikainen S, Saarela M. Clonal identity of salivary and subgingival Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Dent Res 1997: 76: 146. 15 Baer PN. The case for periodontosis as a clinical entity. J Periodontol 1971: 42: 516– 520. 16 Beck JD, Koch GG, Zambon JJ, Genco RJ, Tudor GE. Evaluation of oral bacteria as risk indicators for periodontitis in older adults. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 93– 99. 17 Beem JE, Hurley CG, Magnusson I, McArthur WP, Clark WB. Subgingival microbiota in squirrel monkeys with naturally occurring periodontal diseases. Infect Immun 1991: 59: 4034– 41. 18 Beveridge T, Makin S, Kadurugamuwa J, Li Z. Interactions between biofilms and the environment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1997: 20: 291– 303. 19 Blaser M. Helicobacter pylori; microbiology of a "slow" bacterial infection. Trends Microbiol 1993: 1: 255– 260. 20 Blaser MJ. Ecology of Helicobacter pylori in the human stomach. J Clin Invest 1997: 100: 759– 762. 21 Bragd L, Dahlén G, Wikström M, Slots J. The capability of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius to indicate progressive periodontitis; a retrospective study. J Clin Periodontol 1987: 14: 95– 99. 22 Brogan J, Lally E, Poulsen K, Kilian M, Demuth D. Regulation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin expression: analysis of the promoter regions of leukotoxic and minimally leukotoxic strains. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 501– 508. 23 Bueno L, Mayert M, DiRienzo J. Relationship between conversion of localized juvenile periodontitis-susceptible children from health to disease and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin promoter structure. J Periodontol 1998: 69: 998– 1007. 24 Chen C, Slots J. Microbiological tests for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontol 2000 1999: 20: 53– 64. 25 Chen C, Sunday GJ, Zambon JJ, Wilson ME. Restriction endonuclease analysis of oral and nonoral isolates of Eikenella corrodens. J Clin Microbiol 1990: 28: 1265– 1270. 26 Christersson LA, Fransson CL, Dunford RG, Zambon JJ. Subgingival distribution of periodontal pathogenic microorganisms in adult periodontitis. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 418– 425. 27 Chung H-J, Chung C-P, Son S-H, Nisengard RJ. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and leukotoxicity in Korean localized juvenile periodontitis. J Periodontol 1989: 60: 506– 511. 28 Clerehugh V, Seymour GJ, Bird PS. Cullinan M, Drucker DB, Worthington HV. The detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia using an ELISA in an adolescent population with early periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1997: 24: 57– 64. 29 Costerton W, Cheng K-J, Geesey G, Ladd T, Nickel J, Dasgupta M, Marrie T. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987: 41: 435– 464. 30 Dahlén G, Manji F, Baelum V, Fejerskov O. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque of adult Kenyans. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 305– 310. 31 Dahlén G, Manji F, Baelum V, Fejerskov O. Putative periodontopathogens in "diseased" and "non-diseased" persons exhibiting poor oral hygiene. J Clin Periodontol 1992: 19: 35– 42. 32 Danser MM, Van Winkelhoff A, de Graaff Jvan der Velden U Putative periodontal pathogens colonizing oral mucous membranes in denture-wearing subjects with a past history of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 854– 859. 33 DiRienzo JM, Cornell S, Kazoroski L, Slots J. Probe-specific DNA fingerprinting applied to the epidemiology of localized juvenile periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1990: 5: 49– 56. 34 DiRienzo JM, McKay TL. Identification and characterization of genetic cluster groups of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolated from the human oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol 1994: 32: 75– 81. 35 DiRienzo JM, Slots J. Genetic approach to the study of epidemiology and pathogenesis of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in localized juvenile periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 1990: 35: 79S– 84S. 36 DiRienzo JM, Slots J, Sixou M, Sol MA, Harmon R, McKay TL. Specific genetic variants of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans correlate with disease and health in a regional population of families with localized juvenile periodontitis. Infect Immun 1994: 62: 3058– 3065. 37 Doǧan B, Saarela MH, Jousimies-Somer H, Alaluusua S, Asikainen S. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype e – biotypes, genetic diversity and distribution in relation to periodontal status. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999: 14: 98– 103. 38 Dzink JL, Tanner AC, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Gram negative species associated with active destructive periodontal lesions. J Clin Periodontol 1985: 12: 648– 659. 39 Ebersole JL, Cappelli D, Sandoval MN. Subgingival distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 65– 75. 40 Ellen RP, Song M, Buivids IA. Inhibition of Actinomyces viscosus–Porphyromonas gingivalis coadhesion by trypsin and other proteins. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992: 7: 198– 203. 41 Ellwood R, Worthington HV, Cullinan MP, Hamlet S, Clerehugh V, Davies R. Prevalence of suspected periodontal pathogens identified using ELISA in adolescents of differing ethnic origins. J Clin Periodontol 1997: 24: 141– 145. 42 Finegold S, Strong C, McTeague M, Marina M. The importance of black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes in human infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1993: 6: 77– 82. 43 Finlay BB, Falkow S. Common themes in microbial pathogenicity. Microbiol Rev 1989: 53: 210– 230. 44 Fives-Taylor P, Meyer DM, Mintz KP, Brissette C. Virulence factors of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Periodontol 2000 1999: 20: 136– 167. 45 Flemming T, Milián E, Kopp C, Karch H, Klaiber B. Differential effects of systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin on Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in intraoral habitats. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 1– 10. 46 Frisken KW, Higgins T, Palmer JM. The incidence of periodontopathic microorganisms in young children. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1990: 5: 43– 45. 47 Genco RJ, Loos BG. The use of genomic DNA fingerprinting in studies of the epidemiology of bacteria in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1991: 18: 396– 405. 48 Genco RJ, Zambon JJ, Christersson LA. The origin of periodontal infections. Adv Dent Res 1988: 2: 245– 259. 49 Gmür R, Guggenheim B. Monoclonal antibodies for the detection of 'periodontopathic' bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 1990: 35: 145S– 151S. 50 Gmür R, Strub JR, Guggenheim B. Prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus and Bacteroides gingivalis in subgingival plaque of prosthodontically treated patients on short recall. J Periodont Res 1989: 24: 113– 120. 51 Gold S. Periodontics. The past. I. Early sources. J Clin Periodontol 1985: 12: 79– 97. 52 Gunsolley JC, Ranney RR, Zambon JJ, Burmeister JA, Schenkein HA. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families afflicted with periodontitis. J Periodontol 1990: 61: 643– 648. 53 Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Socransky SS. Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 78– 111. 54 Haffajee AD, Socransky SS, Smith C, Dibart S. The use of DNA probes to examine the distribution of subgingival species in subjects with different levels of periodontal destruction. J Clin Perodontol 1992: 19: 84– 91. 55 Haubek D, Poulsen K, Asikainen S, Kilian M. Evidence for absence in northern Europe of especially virulent clonal types of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. J Clin Microbiol 1995: 33: 395– 401. 56 Haubek D, Poulsen K, Westergaard J, Dahlén G, Kilian M. Highly toxic clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in geographically widespread cases of juvenile periodontitis in adolescents of African origin. J Clin Microbiol 1996: 34: 1576– 1578. 57 Hirata R, Ménard C, Fournier D, Catellani MA, Mouton C, Ferreira MC. Isolation of Porphyromonas gingivalis strain from tubal-ovarian abscess. J Clin Microbiol 1995: 33: 1925– 1926. 58 Holt SC, Kesavalu L, Walker S, Genco CA. Virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Periodontol 2000 1999: 20: 168– 238. 59 Hölttä P, Alaluusua S, Saarela M, Asikainen S. Isolation frequency and serotype distribution of mutans streptococci and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and clinical periodontal status in Finnish and Vietnamese children. Scand J Dent Res 1994: 102: 113– 119. 60 Karjalainen J, Kanervo A, Väisänen ML, Forsblom B, Sarkiala E, Jousimies-Somer H. Porphyromonas-like gramnegative rods in naturally occurring periodontitis in dogs. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1993: 6: 207– 212. 61 Kilian M, Prachyabrued W, Theilade E. Haemophili in developing dental plaque. Scand J Dent Res 1976: 84: 16– 19. 62 Kilian M, Rölla G. Initial colonization of teeth in monkeys as related to diet. Infect Immun 1976: 14: 1022– 1027. 63 Kinane DF, Mooney J, Ebersole JL. Humoral immune response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 1999: 20: 289– 340. 64 Könönen E, Asikainen S, Alaluusua S, Könönen M, Summanen P, Kanervo A, Jousimies-Somer H. Are certain oral pathogens part of normal oral flora in denture-wearing edentulous subjects?. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1991: 6: 119– 122. 65 Könönen E, Asikainen S, Jousimies-Somer H. The early colonization of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in edentulous infants. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992: 7: 28– 31. 66 Könönen E, Asikainen S, Saarela M, Karjalainen J, Jousimies-Somer H. The oral gram-negative anaerobic microflora in young children: longitudinal changes from edentulous to dentate mouth. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994: 9: 136– 141. 67 Könönen E, Saarela M, Karjalainen J, Jousimies-Somer H, Alaluusua S, Asikainen S. Transmission of oral Prevotella melaninogenica between a mother and her young child. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994: 9: 310– 314. 68 Lamont RJ, Hersey SG, Rosan B. Characterization of the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to oral streptococci. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992: 7: 193– 197. 69 Lamster I, Kaluszhbner-Shapira I, Herrera-Abreu M, Sinha R, Grbic J. Serum IgG antibody response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. implications for periodontal diagnosis. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 510– 516. 70 Loesche WJ. Ecology of the oral flora. In: R Nisengard, ed. Oral microbiology and immunology. WB Saunders Company Philadelphia, 1988: 351– 366. 71 Loos BG, Dyer DW, Whittam TS, Selander RK. Genetic structure of populations of Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with periodontitis and other oral infections. Infect Immun 1993: 61: 204– 212. 72 Loos BG, Mayrand D, Genco RJ, Dickinson DP. Genetic heterogeneity of Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis by genomic DNA fingerprinting. J Dent Res 1990: 69: 1488– 1493. 73 Loos BG, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Dunford RG, Genco RJ, de Graaff J, Dickinson DP, Dyer DW. A statistical approach to the ecology of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Dent Res 1992: 71: 353– 358. 74 Mackowiak P. The normal microbial flora. N Engl J Med 1982: 307: 83– 93. 75 Marcotte H, Lavoie M. Oral microbial ecology and the role of salivary immunoglobulin A. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998: 62: 71– 109. 76 Marsh P, Bradshaw D. Dental plaque as a biofilm. J Industr Microbiol 1995: 15: 169– 175. 77 Martín M, Andrés M, Fierro J, Méndes F. Endarteritis and mycotic aortic aneurysm caused by an oral strain of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998: 17: 104– 107. 78 Ménard C, Mouton C. Clonal diversity of the taxon Porphyromonas gingivalis assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Infect Immun 1995: 63: 2522– 3531. 79 Mitsis F, Taramidis G. Alveolar bone loss on neolithic man remains on 38 skulls of Khirokitia's (Cyprus) inhabitants. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 788– 793. 80 Mooney J, Kinane DF. Humoral immune responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in adult periodontitis and rapidly progressive periodontitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1994: 9: 321– 326. 81 Moore WEC, Moore LVH. The bacteria of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 1994: 5: 66– 77. 82 Müller HP, Heinecke A, Borneff M, Knopf A, Kiencke C, Pohl S. Microbial ecology of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens and Capnocytophaga spp. in adult periodontitis. J Periodont Res 1997: 32: 530– 542. 83 Müller HP, Lange DE, Müller RF. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans contamination of toothbrushes from patienst harbouring the organism. J Clin Periodontol 1989: 16: 388– 390. 84 Müller HP, Lange DE, Müller RF. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans recovery from extracrevicular locations of the mouth. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993: 8: 344– 348. 85 Müller HP, Zoller L, Eger T, Hoffmann S, Lobinsky D. Natural distribution of oral Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in young men with minimal periodontal disease. J Periodont Res 1996: 31: 373– 380. 86 Musser JM. Molecular population genetic analysis of emerged bacterial pathogens: selected insights. Emerg Infect Dis 1996: 2: 1– 17. 87 Mättö J, Asikainen S, Väisänen ML, Rautio M, Saarela M, Summanen P, Finegold S, Jousimies-Somer H. Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens in extraoral and some odontogenic infections. Clin Infect Dis 1997: 25: S194– S198. 88 Mättö J, Saarela M, von Troil-Lindén B, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Similarity of salivary and subgingival Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens isolates by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996: 11: 395– 401. 89 Mättö J, Saarela M, von Troil-Lindén B, Könönen E, Jousimies-Somer H, Torkko H, Alaluusua S, Asikainen S. Distribution and genetic analysis of oral Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1996: 11: 96– 102. 90 Nieminen A, Asikainen S, Torkko H, Kari K, Uitto VJ, Saxén L. Value of some laboratory and clinical measurements in the treatment plan for advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1996: 23: 572– 581. 91 Page R, Offenbacher S, Schroeder H, Seymour G. Kornman K. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions. Periodontol 2000 1997: 14: 216– 248. 92 Petit MD, Van Steenbergen TJ, de Graaff Jvan der Velden U Transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families of adult periodontitis patients. J Periodont Res 1993: 28: 335– 345. 93 Petit MD, Van Steenbergen TJ, Scholte L, van der Velden U, de Graaff J. Epidemiology and transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans among children and their family members. A report of 4 surveys. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 641– 650. 94 Petit MD, Van Steenbergen TJ, Timmerman MF, de Graaff Jvan der Velden U Prevalence of periodontitis and suspected periodontal pathogens in families of adult periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 76– 85. 95 Pierce CS, Bartholomew WR, Amsterdam D, Neter E, Zambon JJ. Endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c and patient immune response. J Infect Dis 1984: 149: 479. 96 Poulsen K, Theilade E, Lally ET. Demuth DR, Kilian M. Population structure of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: a framework for studies of disease-associated properties. Microbiology 1994: 140: 2049– 2060. 97 Preus HR, Zambon JJ, Dunford RG, Genco RJ. The distribution and transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families with established adult periodontitis. J Periodontol 1994: 65: 2– 7. 98 Preus H, Ånerud A, Boysen H, Dunford RG, Zambon JJ, Loe H. The natural history of periodontal disease. The correlation of selected microbiological parameters with disease severity in Sri Lankan tea workers. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 674– 678. 99 Rams T, Flynn J, Slots J. Subgingival microbial associations in severe human periodontitis. Clin Infect Dis 1997: 25: S224– S226. 100 Renvert S, Wikström M, Dahlén G. slots J, Egelberg J. Effect of root debridement on the elimination of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides gingivalis from periodontal pockets. J CLin Periodontol 1990: 17: 345– 350. 101 Renvert S, Wikström M, Dahlén G. Slots J, Egelberg J. On the inability of root debridement and periodontal surgery to eliminate Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans from periodontal pockets. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 351– 355. 102 Rodenburg JP, Van Winkelhoff AJ. Winkel EG, Goene RJ, Abbas F, de Graaff J. Occurrence of Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in severe periodontitis in relation to age and treatment history. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 392– 399. 103 Rosebury T. Microorganisms indigenous to man. New York : McGraw-Hill, 1962: 1– 8. 104 Saarela M, Dogan B, Alaluusua S. Asikainen S. Persistence of oral colonization by the same Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain (s). J Periodontol (in press). 105 Saarela M, Asikainen S, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen T, von Troil-Lindén B, Alaluusua S. Hybridization patterns of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a–e detected with an rRNA gene probe. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993: 8: 111– 115. 106 Saarela M, Mättö J, Asikainen S, Jousimies-Somer H, Torkko H, Pyhälä L, Stucki A-M, Hannula J, Hölttä P. Clonal diversity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia/ nigrescens in two families. Anaerobe 1996: 2: 19– 27. 107 Saarela M, Stucki AM, von Troil-Lindén B, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Intra- and inter - individual comparison of Porphyromonas gingivalis genotypes. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1993: 6: 99– 102. 108 Saarela M, von Troil-Lindén B, Torkko H, Stucki AM, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Transmission of oral bacterial species between spouses. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1993: 8: 349– 354. 109 Salyers AA, Whitt DD. Glossary. In: DD Whitt, ed. Bacterial pathogenesis. A molecular approach. Washington , DC : ASM Press, 1994: 395– 410. 111 Salyers AA, Whitt DD. Host defenses against bacterial pathogens: Defenses of body surfaces. In: DD Whitt, ed. Bacterial pathogenesis. A molecular approach. Washington , DC : ASM Press, 1994: 3– 14. 112 Sarkiala EM, Asikainen SE, Kanervo A, Junttila J, Jousimies-Somer HR. The efficacy of tinidazole in naturally occurring periodontitis in dogs: bacteriological and clincal results. Vet Microbiol 1993: 36: 273– 288. 113 Savitt ED, Kent RL. Distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by subject age. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 490– 494. 114 Savitt ED, Socransky SS. Distribution of certain subgingival microbial species in selected periodontal conditions. J Periodont Res 1984: 19: 111– 123. 115 Saxén L, Asikainen S, Kanervo A, Kari K, Jousimies-Somer H. The long-term efficacy of systemic doxycycline medication in the treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 1990: 35: 227S– 229S. 116 Selander RK, Caugant DA, Ochman H, Musser JM, Gilmour MN, Whittam TS. Methods of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systemics. Appl Environ Microbiol 1986: 51: 873– 884. 117 Selander RK, Musser JM, Caugant DA, Gilmore MN, Whittam TS. Population genetics of pathogenic bacteria. Microb Pathog 1987: 3: 1– 7. 118 Slots J, Bragd L, Wikström M, Dahlén G. The occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius in destructive periodontal disease in adults. J Clin Periodontol 1986: 13 570– 577. 119 Slots J, Feik D, Rams TE. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides intermedius in human periodontitis: age relationship and mutual association. J Clin Periodontol 1990: 17: 659– 662. 120 Slots J, Genco RJ. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species, Capnocytophaga species, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: virulence factors in colonization, survival, and tissue destruction. J Dent Res 1984: 63: 412– 421. 121 Slots J, Gibbons RJ. Attachment of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus to oral surfaces and its possible role in colonization of the mouth and of periodontal pockets. Infect Immun 1978: 19: 254– 264. 122 Slots J, Listgarten MA. Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 85– 93. 123 Slots J, Rams TE, Feik D, Taveras HD, Gillespie GM. Subgingival microflora of advanced periodontitis in the Dominican Republic. J Periodontol 1991: 62: 543– 547. 124 Slots J, Reynolds HS, Genco RJ. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: a cross-sectional microbiological investigation. Infect Immun 1980: 29: 1013– 1020. 125 Slots J, Rosling BG. Suppression of the periodontopathic microflora in localized juvenile periodontitis by systemic tetracycline. J Clin Periodontol 1983: 10: 465– 486. 126 Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. The bacterial etiology of destructive periodontal disease: current concepts. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 322– 331. 127 Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Dibart S. Relations of counts of microbial species to clinical status at the sampled site. J Clin Periodontol 1991: 18: 766– 775. 128 Taichman NS. Simpson DL, Sakurada S, Cranfield M, DiRienzo J. Slots J. Comparative studies on the biology of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin in primates. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1987: 2: 97– 104. 129 Timmerman Mvan der Weijden G Armand S, Abbas F, Winkel E, van Winkelhoff A, van der Velden U. Untreated periodontal disease in Indonesian adolescents. Clinical and microbiological baseline data. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 215– 224. 130 Tinoco E. Sivakumar M, Preus H. The distribution and transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families with localized juvenile periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1998: 25: 99– 105. 131 Torkko H, Asikainen S. Recovery of periodontal pathogens depends on sample transport time. J Dent Res 1996: 75 241. 132 Tuite-McDonnell M, Griffen AL, Moeschberger ML, Dalton RE, Fuerst PA, Leys EJ. Concordance of Porphyromonas gingivalis colonization in families. J Clin Microbiol 1997: 35: 455– 461. 133 van der Velden U, Abbas F, Armand S. de Graaff J, Timmerman MF, van der Weijden G, van Winkelhoff A, Winkel EG. The effect of sibling relationship on the periodontal condition. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 683– 690. 134 van der Velden U, Van Winkelhoff A. Abbas F, Arief EM, Timmerman MF van der Weijden G. Winkel EG. Longitudinal evaluation of the development of periodontal destruction in spouses. J Clin Periodontol 1996: 23: 1014– 1019. 135 van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF. Reijerse E, Wolffe GN, van Winkelhoff AJ, van der Velden U. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia in selected subjects with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 583– 588. 136 Van Steenbergen TJ. Petit MD, Scholte LH, van der Velden U, de Graaff J. Transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis between spouses. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 340– 345. 137 Van Winkelhoff AJ, de Groot P, Abbas F, de Graaff J. Quantitative aspects of the subgingival distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in a patient with localized juvenile periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1994: 21: 199– 202. 138 Van Winkelhoff AJ, Overbeek BP, Pavicic M, van den Bergh JP, de Graaff J. Long-standing bacteremia caused by oral Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in a patient with a pacemaker. Clin Infect Dis 1993: 16: 216– 218. 139 Van Winkelhoff AJ, Tijhof CJ, de Graaff J. Microbiological and clinical results of metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans–associated periodontitis. J Periodontol 1992: 63: 52– 57. 140 Van Winkelhoff A, van der Velden U, de Graaff J. Microbial succession in recolonizing deep periodontal pockets after a single course of supra- and subgingival debridement. J Clin Periodontol 1988: 15: 116– 122. 141 Van Winkelhoff A, van der Velden U, Winkel EG, de Graaff J. Black-pigmented Bacteroides and motile organisms on oral mucosal surfaces in individuals with and without periodontal breakdown. J Periodont Res 1986: 21: 434– 439. 142 van Depitte J, de Geest H, Jousten P. Subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Report of a case with a review of the literature. J Clin Pathol 1977: 30: 842– 846. 143 von Troil-Lindén B, Alaluusua S, Wolf J, Jousimies-Somer H, Torppa J, Asikainen S. Periodontitis patient and the spouse: periodontal bateria before and after treatment. J Clin Periodontol 1997: 24: 893– 899. 144 von Troil-Lindén B, Saarela M, Mättö J, Alaluusua S, Asikainen S. Source of suspected periodontal pathogens reemerging after periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol 1996: 23: 601– 607. 145 von Troil-Lindén B, Torkko H, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Salivary levels of suspected periodontal pathogens in relatin to periodontal status and treatment. J Dent Res 1995: 74: 1789– 1795. 146 von Troil-Lindén B, Torkko H, Alaluusua S, Wolf J, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Periodontal findings in spouses. A clinical, radiographic and microbiological study. J Clin Periodontol 1995: 22: 93– 99. 147 White D, Mayrand D. Association of oral Bacteroides with gingivitis and adult perodontitis. J Periodont Res 1981: 16: 259– 265. 148 Wolff LF, Aeppli DM, Pihlstrom B, Anderson L, Stoltenberg J, Osborn J, Hardie N, Shelburne C, Fischer G. Natural distribution of 5 bacteria associated with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1993: 20: 699– 706. 149 Wolff LF, Liljemark WF, Bloomquist CG, Pihlstrom BL, Schaffer EM, Bandt CL. The distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human plaque. J Periodont Res 1985: 20: 237– 250. 150 Zambon JJ. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1985: 12: 1– 20. 151 Zambon JJ, Christersson LA, Slots J. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease. Prevalence in patient groups and distribution of biotypes and serotypes within families. J Periodontol 1983: 54: 707– 711. 152 Zambon JJ, Slots J, Genco RJ. Serology of oral Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and serotype distribution in human periodontal disease. Infect Immun 1983: 41: 19– 27. Citing Literature Volume20, Issue1June 1999Pages 65-81 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)