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The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

2010; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 42; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/ng.654

1546-1718

Riccardo Velasco, Andrey Zharkikh, Jason P. Affourtit, Amit Dhingra, Alessandro Cestaro, Ananth Kalyanaraman, Paolo Fontana, S. K. Bhatnagar, Michela Troggio, Dmitry Pruss, Silvio Salvi, Massimo Pindo, Paolo Baldi, Sara Castelletti, Marina Cavaiuolo, Giuseppina Coppola, Fabrizio Costa, Valentina Cova, Antonio Dal Rì, Vadim Goremykin, M. Komjanc, Sara Longhi, P. Magnago, Giulia Malacarne, Mickaël Malnoy, Diego Micheletti, Marco Moretto, Michele Perazzolli, Azeddine Si‐Ammour, Silvia Vezzulli, Elena Zini, Glenn Eldredge, Lisa M. Fitzgerald, Natalia Gutin, Jerry S. Lanchbury, Teresita Macalma, Jeff T. Mitchell, Julia Reid, B B Wardell, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Zhoutao Chen, Brian Desany, Faheem Niazi, Melinda Palmer, Tyson Koepke, Derick Jiwan, Scott Schaeffer, Vandhana Krishnan, Changjun Wu, Vu T Chu, Stephen T King, Jessica Vick, Quanzhou Tao, Amy Mraz, Aimee Stormo, Keith Stormo, Robert Bogden, Davide Ederle, Alessandra Stella, Alberto Vecchietti, Martin M. Kater, Simona Masiero, Pauline Lasserre, Yves Lespinasse, Andrew C. Allan, Vincent G. M. Bus, David Chagné, Ross Crowhurst, Andrew P. Gleave, Enrico Lavezzo, Jeffrey A. Fawcett, Sebastian Proost, Pierre Rouzé, Lieven Sterck, Stefano Toppo, Barbara Lazzari, Roger P. Hellens, Charles-Éric Durel, Alexander Gutin, Roger E. Bumgarner, Susan E. Gardiner, Mark H. Skolnick, Michael D. Miller, Yves Van de Peer, Francesco Salamini, Roberto Viola,

Plant Reproductive Biology

Riccardo Velasco and colleagues report the genome sequence of the 'Golden Delicious' domesticated apple. These data shed new insight into the genomic events that preceded the origin of this crop. We report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica). We show that a relatively recent (>50 million years ago) genome-wide duplication (GWD) has resulted in the transition from nine ancestral chromosomes to 17 chromosomes in the Pyreae. Traces of older GWDs partly support the monophyly of the ancestral paleohexaploidy of eudicots. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Pyreae and the genus Malus, relative to major Rosaceae taxa, identified the progenitor of the cultivated apple as M. sieversii. Expansion of gene families reported to be involved in fruit development may explain formation of the pome, a Pyreae-specific false fruit that develops by proliferation of the basal part of the sepals, the receptacle. In apple, a subclade of MADS-box genes, normally involved in flower and fruit development, is expanded to include 15 members, as are other gene families involved in Rosaceae-specific metabolism, such as transport and assimilation of sorbitol.