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The human tumor cloning assay in cancer research and therapy: A review with clinical correlations

1985; Elsevier BV; Volume: 9; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0147-0272(85)80026-x

1535-6345

Axel‐R. Hanauske, U. Hanauske, Daniel D. Von Hoff,

Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms

E91 (17β-[N-[N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosocarbamoyl]-l-alanyl]-5α-dihydrotestosterone) (CNC-ala-DHT) is a newly synthesised alkylating compound consisting of N-[N′-(2-chloroethyl)-N′-nitrosocarbamoyl]-l-alanine (CNC-ala) as the alkylating moiety and of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as a steroid carrier molecule. We studied the antitumour activity of E91 (final concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10 and 30 μmol/l) against freshly explanted human tumours, using an in vitro soft agar cloning system. A total of 54 tumour samples was evaluated using 1 h-exposure and 51 tumour specimens were studied using a continuous exposure for 21–28 days. In addition, the compound's activity was compared with other clinically used anticancer agents. After short-term exposure, 49 of 53 evaluable specimens (92%) had adequate colony formation, as compared with 49 of 50 (98%) after long-term exposure. After short-term exposure, E91 exhibited only marginal antitumour activity. However, in long-term exposure experiments, E91 had marked and concentration-dependent antitumour activity (P 10 μmol/l, E91 was as active as the other clinically used antineoplastic agents and at 30 μmol/1, E91 was significantly more active than 5-fluorouracil (P=0.041). E91 showed activitiy against a wide spectrum of tumour types. The highest activity was observed against colorectal carcinomas (3/4 tumour specimens inhibited at 30 μmol/l). Sensitivity was also high remarkable in breast cancer specimens with 3/6 specimens inhibited at 30 μmol/l. In vitro myelotoxicity was less than that of doxorubicin. At 30 μmol/l, E91 induced a reduction of colony forming units–granulocyte macrophage (CFU–GM) to only 53% of control and of CFU-GEMM to 20% of control. We conclude that because of broad activity and reduced myelotoxicity further clinical development of E91 appears warranted.