Surgery for Obesity: Panacea or Pandora’s Box?
2006; Karger Publishers; Volume: 23; Issue: 1-2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1159/000092800
ISSN1421-9883
AutoresRahul Pannala, Mark Kidd, Irvin M. Modlin,
Tópico(s)Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Resumo<i>Background:</i> Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, healthcare providers should be cognizant of various non-operative (diet, exercise, behavior therapy, and medications) and operative obesity treatments. This review critically evaluates these treatments, especially bariatric surgeries. <i>Methods:</i> Medline analyses using a combination of the following terms: obesity, bariatric surgery, and outcomes were performed with particular emphasis on prospective studies and randomized trials. <i>Results:</i> Non-operative treatments result in modest sustained weight loss (5–8%) at one year. Surgery is recommended for those with BMI >40 or >35 with comorbidities. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, a restrictive procedure, causes 35–54% excess weight loss (EWL) at 1 year. Malabsorptive procedures (biliopancreatic diversions with and without duodenal switch) induce 72–77% EWL but are only performed at few centers. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, acting through a combination of restriction and malabsorption, results in 69% EWL at 1 year and 49% at 14 years. Each procedure is associated with unique anatomic and nutritional complications. Overall, operative treatment improves comorbidities and may improve all-cause mortality. <i>Conclusions:</i> Surgery is an effective long-term treatment for selected obese patients who have failed other treatments. Further research is needed on prospective comparisons of procedures, evaluation of long-term outcomes, especially between centers and increasingly unrealistic patient expectations.
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