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Treatment failure of low molecular weight heparin bridging therapy in atrial fibrillation after acute coronary syndrome

2013; Elsevier BV; Volume: 171; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.079

1874-1754

Egidio Imbalzano, Roberto Ceravolo, R. Di Stefano, Marco Vatrano, Antonino Saitta,

Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics

Thrombosis prevention in atrial fibrillation [ 1 Hendriks J.M. Crijns H.J. Tieleman R.G. Vrijhoef H.J. The atrial fibrillation knowledge scale: development, validation and results. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: 1422-1428 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar , 2 Chao T.F. Liu C.J. Chen S.J. et al. CHADS(2) score and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: 1360-1363 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (62) Google Scholar , 3 John S. Salmas J. Kornej J. et al. Effects of dronedarone and amiodarone on atrial fibrillatory rate in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 167: 2354-2356 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar , 4 Patanè S. Marte F. Sturiale M. Dattilo G. Changing axis deviation and acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. Aug 18 2011; 151: e1-e3 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar , 5 Patanè S. Marte F. Dattilo G. Sturiale M. Changing axis deviation during atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. Jan 12 2012; 154: e1-e3 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar , 6 Yoshino S. Yoshikawa A. Hamasaki S. et al. Atrial fibrillation-induced endothelial dysfunction improves after restoration of sinus rhythm. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: 1280-1285 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar , 7 Yu H.I. Sheu W.H. Lai C.J. Lee W.J. Chen Y.T. Endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with peripheral artery disease. Int J Cardiol. Mar 2001; 78: 19-25 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (44) Google Scholar , 8 Dattilo G. Lamari A. Crosca S. et al. Correlation between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction assessed by flow-mediated dilation. Recenti Prog Med. Sep 2012; 103: 328-332 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 9 Saitta A. Sardo A. Bonaiuto M. et al. Effects of picotamide on release of endothelin-1, thromboxane and prostacycline after treadmill stress in patients with peripheral artery disease. Angiology. Nov 1998; 49: 879-884 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar , 10 Mandraffino G. Sardo M.A. Riggio S. et al. Smoke exposure and circulating progenitor cells: evidence for modulation of antioxidant enzymes and cell count. Clin Biochem. Dec 2010; 43: 1436-1442 Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar , 11 Patanè S. Marte F. Dattilo G. Sturiale M. Acute myocardial infarction and left bundle branch block with changing axis deviation. Int J Cardiol. Feb 9 2012; 154: e47-e49 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 12 Patanè S. Marte F. Sturiale M. Dattilo G. Luzza F. Atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia and changing axis deviation associated with scleroderma. Int J Cardiol. Dec 1 2011; 153: e25-e28 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar , 13 Casado-Arroyo R. Chierchia G.B. Rodriguez-Mañero M. et al. Atrial fibrillation outcomes: changing the paradigm. Int J Cardiol. Jun 20 2013; 166: 545-547 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 14 Wu J. Wang J. Jiang S. et al. The efficacy and safety of low intensity warfarin therapy in Chinese elderly atrial fibrillation patients with high CHADS(2) risk score. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 167: 3067-3068 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar , 15 Dattilo G. Tulino V. Tulino D. Lamari A. Marte F. Patanè S. Interatrial defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus in a 2-day-old newborn infant. Int J Cardiol. May 15 2009; 134: e82-e83 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar , 16 Camm A.J. Lip G.Y. De Caterina R. et al. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation—developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace. Oct 2012; 14: 1385-1413 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1240) Google Scholar , 17 Dattilo G. Lamari A. Messina F. et al. The chance finding at multislice computed tomography coronary angiography of an ectopic origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva. Int J Cardiol. Jun 2 2011; 149: e43-e46 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 18 Saitta A. Saitta M.N. Messina A. et al. Effects of adrenergic stimulation on transmembrane transport of Na+ in patients with essential hypertension. Minerva Med. Jul–Aug 1997; 88 ([Italian]): 275-282 PubMed Google Scholar , 19 Dattilo G. Carerj S. Lamari A. et al. The chance finding at multislice computed tomography coronary angiography of myocardial bridging. Int J Cardiol. Jan 26 2012; 154: e21-e23 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar , 20 Zannad F. Stough W.G. Regnault V. et al. Is thrombosis a contributor to heart failure pathophysiology? Possible mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities, and clinical investigation challenges. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 167: 1772-1782 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (66) Google Scholar , 21 Gooshah Gir A.A. Namdar H. Emaratkar E. et al. Avicenna's view on the prevention of thrombosis. Int J Cardiol. Jun 5 2013; 166: 274-275 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar ] is a very common problem for cardiologists. Low molecular weight heparin bridging therapy (LMWH-BT) has been considered in patients at high risk of thromboembolism during the start or temporary interruption of oral anticoagulation therapy [ 22 Task Force for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment, Perioperative Cardiac Management in Non-cardiac Surgery European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Poldermans D. et al. Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. Nov 2009; 30: 2769-2812 Crossref PubMed Scopus (709) Google Scholar , 23 European Heart Rhythm Association European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Camm A.J. et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace. Oct 2010; 12 ([No abstract available. Erratum in: Europace. 2011 Jul;13(7):1058. Dosage error in article text]): 1360-1420 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1328) Google Scholar , 24 European Heart Rhythm Association European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Camm A.J. et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. Oct 2010; 31 ([Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2011 May;32(9):1172]): 2369-2429 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4117) Google Scholar ]. Several cases of treatment failure of LMWH-BT have been reported [ 25 Tulino D. Imbalzano E. Casale M. et al. Treatment failure of low molecular weight heparin in diabetic patient. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: e63-e64 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 26 Dattilo G. Tulino D. Lamari A. Tulino V. Marte F. Patanè S. Treatment failure of low molecular weight heparin in a patient with an aortic mechanical prosthesis. Int J Cardiol. Jan 21 2011; 146: e30-e32 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar , 27 Patanè S. Marte F. Risica G. et al. Treatment failure of low molecular weight heparin bridging therapy before a cardiac surgery intervention in a patient with atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. Nov 12 2009; 137: e59-e60 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar ]. A 70-year-old man, with a history of arterial hypertension, recurrent atrial fibrillation and mild aortic valve stenosis in oral anticoagulant therapy [ 1 Hendriks J.M. Crijns H.J. Tieleman R.G. Vrijhoef H.J. The atrial fibrillation knowledge scale: development, validation and results. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: 1422-1428 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar , 2 Chao T.F. Liu C.J. Chen S.J. et al. CHADS(2) score and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: 1360-1363 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (62) Google Scholar , 3 John S. Salmas J. Kornej J. et al. Effects of dronedarone and amiodarone on atrial fibrillatory rate in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 167: 2354-2356 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar , 4 Patanè S. Marte F. Sturiale M. Dattilo G. Changing axis deviation and acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. Aug 18 2011; 151: e1-e3 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar , 5 Patanè S. Marte F. Dattilo G. Sturiale M. Changing axis deviation during atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. Jan 12 2012; 154: e1-e3 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (26) Google Scholar , 6 Yoshino S. Yoshikawa A. Hamasaki S. et al. Atrial fibrillation-induced endothelial dysfunction improves after restoration of sinus rhythm. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: 1280-1285 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (36) Google Scholar , 7 Yu H.I. Sheu W.H. Lai C.J. Lee W.J. Chen Y.T. Endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with peripheral artery disease. Int J Cardiol. Mar 2001; 78: 19-25 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (44) Google Scholar , 8 Dattilo G. Lamari A. Crosca S. et al. Correlation between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction assessed by flow-mediated dilation. Recenti Prog Med. Sep 2012; 103: 328-332 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 9 Saitta A. Sardo A. Bonaiuto M. et al. Effects of picotamide on release of endothelin-1, thromboxane and prostacycline after treadmill stress in patients with peripheral artery disease. Angiology. Nov 1998; 49: 879-884 Crossref PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar , 10 Mandraffino G. Sardo M.A. Riggio S. et al. Smoke exposure and circulating progenitor cells: evidence for modulation of antioxidant enzymes and cell count. Clin Biochem. Dec 2010; 43: 1436-1442 Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar , 11 Patanè S. Marte F. Dattilo G. Sturiale M. Acute myocardial infarction and left bundle branch block with changing axis deviation. Int J Cardiol. Feb 9 2012; 154: e47-e49 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 12 Patanè S. Marte F. Sturiale M. Dattilo G. Luzza F. Atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia and changing axis deviation associated with scleroderma. Int J Cardiol. Dec 1 2011; 153: e25-e28 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar , 13 Casado-Arroyo R. Chierchia G.B. Rodriguez-Mañero M. et al. Atrial fibrillation outcomes: changing the paradigm. Int J Cardiol. Jun 20 2013; 166: 545-547 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 14 Wu J. Wang J. Jiang S. et al. The efficacy and safety of low intensity warfarin therapy in Chinese elderly atrial fibrillation patients with high CHADS(2) risk score. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 167: 3067-3068 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (13) Google Scholar , 15 Dattilo G. Tulino V. Tulino D. Lamari A. Marte F. Patanè S. Interatrial defect, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus in a 2-day-old newborn infant. Int J Cardiol. May 15 2009; 134: e82-e83 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar , 16 Camm A.J. Lip G.Y. De Caterina R. et al. 2012 focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation—developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Europace. Oct 2012; 14: 1385-1413 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1240) Google Scholar , 17 Dattilo G. Lamari A. Messina F. et al. The chance finding at multislice computed tomography coronary angiography of an ectopic origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva. Int J Cardiol. Jun 2 2011; 149: e43-e46 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 18 Saitta A. Saitta M.N. Messina A. et al. Effects of adrenergic stimulation on transmembrane transport of Na+ in patients with essential hypertension. Minerva Med. Jul–Aug 1997; 88 ([Italian]): 275-282 PubMed Google Scholar , 19 Dattilo G. Carerj S. Lamari A. et al. The chance finding at multislice computed tomography coronary angiography of myocardial bridging. Int J Cardiol. Jan 26 2012; 154: e21-e23 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar , 20 Zannad F. Stough W.G. Regnault V. et al. Is thrombosis a contributor to heart failure pathophysiology? Possible mechanisms, therapeutic opportunities, and clinical investigation challenges. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 167: 1772-1782 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (66) Google Scholar , 21 Gooshah Gir A.A. Namdar H. Emaratkar E. et al. Avicenna's view on the prevention of thrombosis. Int J Cardiol. Jun 5 2013; 166: 274-275 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar , 22 Task Force for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment, Perioperative Cardiac Management in Non-cardiac Surgery European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Poldermans D. et al. Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. Nov 2009; 30: 2769-2812 Crossref PubMed Scopus (709) Google Scholar , 23 European Heart Rhythm Association European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Camm A.J. et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace. Oct 2010; 12 ([No abstract available. Erratum in: Europace. 2011 Jul;13(7):1058. Dosage error in article text]): 1360-1420 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1328) Google Scholar , 24 European Heart Rhythm Association European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Camm A.J. et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. Oct 2010; 31 ([Erratum in: Eur Heart J. 2011 May;32(9):1172]): 2369-2429 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4117) Google Scholar , 25 Tulino D. Imbalzano E. Casale M. et al. Treatment failure of low molecular weight heparin in diabetic patient. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: e63-e64 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar , 26 Dattilo G. Tulino D. Lamari A. Tulino V. Marte F. Patanè S. Treatment failure of low molecular weight heparin in a patient with an aortic mechanical prosthesis. Int J Cardiol. Jan 21 2011; 146: e30-e32 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar , 27 Patanè S. Marte F. Risica G. et al. Treatment failure of low molecular weight heparin bridging therapy before a cardiac surgery intervention in a patient with atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol. Nov 12 2009; 137: e59-e60 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar , 28 Mandraffino G. Sardo M.A. Riggio S. et al. Circulating progenitor cells are increased in newly diagnosed untreated hypertensive patients with arterial stiffening but normal carotid intima-media thickness. Hypertens Res. Jul 2011; 34: 876-883 Crossref PubMed Scopus (34) Google Scholar , 29 Sardo M.A. Mandraffino G. Campo S. et al. Biglycan expression in hypertensive subjects with normal or increased carotid intima-media wall thickness. Clin Chim Acta. Aug 2009; 406: 89-93 Crossref PubMed Scopus (27) Google Scholar , 30 Sardo M.A. Mandraffino G. Riggio S. et al. Effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan on the monocyte expression of biglycan in hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 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The current therapy with LMWH was standardized according to body weight, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, aspirin and clopidogrel [ 34 Denardo S.J. Davis K.E. Tcheng J.E. Effectiveness and safety of reduced-dose enoxaparin in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome followed by antiplatelet therapy alone for percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. Nov 1 2007; 100: 1376-1382 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (12) Google Scholar , 35 Patanè S. Marte F. Sturiale M. Dattilo G. ST-segment elevation and diminution of prostate-specific antigen in a patient with coronary spasm and without significant coronary stenoses. Int J Cardiol. Apr 14 2011; 148: e31-e33 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar , 36 Reed G.W. Cannon C.P. Triple oral antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation and coronary artery stenting. Clin Cardiol. Oct 2013; 36: 585-594 PubMed Google Scholar ]. After 3 days the ECG showed atrial fibrillation (Fig. 1C). After 6 days the patient has sudden expressive aphasia and hemi-facial-brachial left. Echocardiographic assessment did not detect the presence of thrombus in the cardiac chambers. A computed tomography [ 37 Arboix A. García-Eroles L. Massons J.B. Oliveres M. Pujades R. Targa C. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: clinical presentation of cardioembolic versus atherothrombotic infarction. Int J Cardiol. Mar 31 2000; 73: 33-42 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (62) Google Scholar , 38 Guo Y. Pisters R. Apostolakis S. et al. Stroke risk and suboptimal thromboprophylaxis in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation: would the novel oral anticoagulants have an impact?. Int J Cardiol. Sep 2013; 168: 515-522 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (37) Google Scholar ] performed in emergency and after 24 h showed cerebral ischemic injury (Fig. 2). Also this case focuses on the failure of treatment with LMWH-BT.