Artigo Revisado por pares

Marc Dax and the discovery of the lateralisation of language in the left cerebral hemisphere

2011; Elsevier BV; Volume: 167; Issue: 12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.neurol.2010.10.017

ISSN

2213-0004

Autores

Lilianne Manning, C. Thomas-Antérion,

Tópico(s)

Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

Resumo

In 1836, Marc Dax presented a revolutionary conclusion based on both his clinical observations and reports from the literature: the localisation of language in the left hemisphere. Twenty-seven years later, his son, Gustave Dax, extended and enriched his work. Their involvement in 19th century neuropsychology is impressive and recognition should have been considerable. However, according to the vast majority of historians of neurology, neuropsychology and aphasiology, the priority in establishing the dominance of the left brain hemisphere for speech goes to Paul Broca in an undivided way. Is it possible that Marc Dax's and his son, Gustave Dax's works were entirely unknown? Were they known and utterly forgotten? Were they ignored? How did we get to know that they existed? The aim of the present paper is to try to answer those and other questions and to demonstrate that there is abundance of data pointing out that the priority of the discovery of left hemisphere dominance for speech ought to be, at least, shared by Dax and Broca. En 1836, Marc Dax, sur la base tant des observations de ses patients que sur des comptes rendus cliniques de la littérature, énonce ses conclusions concernant la latéralisation du langage dans l’hémisphère gauche du cerveau. Son fils, Gustave Dax, 27 années plus tard, complète et enrichi ce travail. Leur implication solide dans la neuropsychologie du xixe siècle aurait due être amplement reconnue. Cependant, selon les historiens de la neurologie, de la neuropsychologie et de l’aphasiologie, sauf à de rares exceptions, le mérite de la découverte de la latéralisation du langage revient à Paul Broca exclusivement. Les travaux de Marc Dax et de Gustave Dax étaient-ils inconnus? Étaient-ils connus mais ignorés? Ont-ils été écartés? Comment savons-nous qu’ils ont existé? Le présent article a comme but de répondre à ces questions, entre autres, et de démontrer qu’il existe suffisamment de données pour suggérer que la découverte de la latéralisation du langage dans l’hémisphère gauche soit, au moins, partagée entre Paul Broca et Marc Dax.

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