Generals in Defence of their Honour
2007; Routledge; Volume: 152; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/03071840701574789
ISSN1744-0378
Autores Tópico(s)World Wars: History, Literature, and Impact
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Sir Edward Hungerfords Vindication for the surrendering of Malmesbury in Wiltshire to the Kings forces after it was taken by Sir William Waller (London: 1643). 2. Sir William Draper, Observations on the Honourable Lieutenant-General Murray's Defence etc. (London 1783) p.2; The National Archives, Kew, WO 374/11625, Brigadier General JJ Byron to Military Secretary, War Office, February 1919; The National Arches, WO 138/29, Major General Hon Edward Stuart Wortleyto Winston Churchill 4 May 1920. The general's full name was Edward James Montagu-Stuart-Wortley but he did not use the ‘Montagu’ part of his surname. 3. British Library Add. MS. 38246 f.84v-85, Lieutenant General Sir Hew Dalrymple to Earl of Liverpool 31 March 1811, copy. 4. The National Archives WO141/64, Major General Charles Townshend to Secretary, War Office 26 November 1918. 5. The Earl of Torrington's Speech to the House of Commons, November 1690 (London: 1710) pp.48-9. 6. The National Archives, ADM 1/19187, Admiral Sir Dudley North to Admiralty Board 20 January 1941. 7. The National Archives, WO 71/110, statement by Lieutenant General John Whitelocke 14 March 1808: see also British Library Add. Ms. 37888 f.112 Whitelocke to William Windham 14 February 1809. 8. LH 1/499 Lieutenant General Sir Ivor Maxse to J. E. Edmunds, 7 October 1934, in Maxse to Liddell Hart 22 November 1934, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London (with acknowledgement to the Trustees of the Centre). 9. The National Archives, CAB 106/176, Brigadier John Smyth to Major General S WKirby 19 September 1955: Kirby had been Director of Staff Duties, India when the Japanese attacked. 10. John Smyth, Milestones (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1979), p.209. 11. The National Archives, Kew, ADM 116/3188, Admiral of the Fleet Earl Jellicoe to Secretary of the Admiralty 27 November 1922. 12. Brett Lodge, The Fall of General Gordon Bennett (Sydney: 1986), pp.296-306. 13. The National Archives, CAB 45/190, Major General T D Pilcher to Brigadier General J.E. Edmonds 15 July 1926: see also a quite detailed attempt by Pilcher to vindicate himself, written earlier, in WO 138/36. Appointed to take charge of the Quarter Master work at Pilcher's divisional HQ, Colonel WN Nicholson had been shocked by the lack of organization he found, and later remarked of Pilcher, ‘Thank God he went’: W. N. Nicholson, Behind the Lines (London: 1939) p.175. For another divisional commander sacked after the Battle of the Somme, who was denounced by his staff officers, see The National Archives, CAB 45/132, Major GPL. Drake-Brockman to Brigadier General J E Edmonds 7 Feb. 1930, with regard to Major General Sir Ivor Philipps, GOC 38th Division; for a corps commander's explanation of why he had to remove an inefficient divisional commander see WO 138/46, Lieutenant General H. F M. Wilson's remarks on Major General E. C. W. Mackenzie-Kennedy, 22 May 1917. See also Lieutenant General G. F. Milne's letter to the War Office of 25 May 1917 in the same file. 14. The National Archives, Kew, CAB 106/1176: see also Lord Alanbrooke, War Diaries: 1939-1945, edited by Alex Danchev and Daniel Todman (Berkeley: 2001), p.456, 27 September 1943 15. The National Archives, WO 374/14934 and HO 144/21349. 16. The National Archives, WO 374/51886. Another Brigadier General who demanded a Court of Enquiry in 1916 because his ‘military reputation’ had ‘been greatly disparaged’ was Brigadier Owen Thomas: see WO 141/63. Note that the rank of Brigadier General was abolished after the First World War. 17. The National Archives, CAB 21/2178 and WO 32/20354. 18. Memoir written by General Sir Hew Dalrymple, Bart., of Proceedings as Connected with the Affairs of Spain (London: 1830) p.136, Dalrymple to Viscount Castlereagh 20July 1814. Castlereagh, Foreign Secretary in 1814, had been Secretary of State for War at the time of Dalrymple's disgrace in 1808. 19. The National Archives, WO 138/41, ‘Precis of the case of Brig. Gen. A.E. Aitken, (Ret) Indian Army’. 20. The National Archives, WO 374/11625: see especially minute dated 20 February 1919. 21. The National Archives, WO 141/62. 22. For the Violet Douglas-Pennant case see especially The National Archives, AIR 2/11900 and AIR 2/11905, and T1/12279 and T1/12437. In 1918 personnel of the Women's Royal Air Force were still regarded as civilians. See also CO 537/416 (regarding SirHesketh Bell, former Governor of Northern Nigeria) and PREM 8/1143 (regarding Sir Christopher Bullock, formerly Under-Secretary of State at the Air Ministry). 23. For embittered self-justifications by European generals after the First World War see for example General Hermann von François, Gehorsam und Verantwortungpflicht, erläutert an den Befehlsreibungen während der Schlacht beiTannenberg (Berlin, 1932), General Charles Lanrezac, Leplan de campagne français et le premier mois et les faits (Paris, 1923), especially pp.223-70, General Luigi Nava, Operazioni militari della 4a Armata: neiprimi quattro mesi della campagna diguerra 1915 (Cherasco, 1922), General Luigi Cadorna, Pagine Polemiche (Milan 1950 – written 1926, with instructions that it should be published only posthumously). A rather similar document, General Horace Smith-Dorrien's Statement with regard to the first edition of Lord French's Book ‘1914’, only 28 copies ofwhjich were originally printed, was marked ‘PRIVATE and SECRET. Not to be made any public use of except by order of the Army Council’. It was published more than seven decades later by Ian F. W. Beckett as The Judgement of History: Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, Lord French and 1914 (London, 1993). 24. The National Archives, WO 138/29, Winston Churchill to Military Secretary and CIGS 12 May 1920, and see also The Times, 6 August 1998. Additional informationNotes on contributorsA. D. HarveyDr A. D. Harvey's next book, Body Politic: Political Metaphor and Political Violence, will be published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing in September 2007
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