Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Politics, Print Culture and the Habermas Thesis Cluster

2007; Wiley; Volume: 5; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00464.x

1478-0542

Malcolm Smuts,

University Challenges and Reforms

Author's Introduction The articles in this cluster deal with aspects of an enormously rich and complex historical problem: the role of print and other media in political communication in Britain, from the Tudor period through the nineteenth century. They might be employed together in a course covering this large subject; but equally they lend themselves to separate use in other kinds of courses, dealing with problems ranging from conventional political history to the role of literacy in early modern society, the nature of early modern public culture or the rise of more open and ‘democratic’ forms of politics. Rather than trying to tailor this guide to a single course design I have tried to suggest a range of possibilities. The full cluster is made up of the following articles: 1. Mark Knights , ‘History and Literature in the Age of Defoe and Swift’, History Compass , 3/1 (2005), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00131.x . URL http://www.blackwell‐compass.com/subject/history/article_view?article_id=hico_articles_bsl131 . 2. Joad Raymond , ‘Seventeenth‐Century Print Culture’, History Compass , 2/1 (2004), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00131.x . URL http://www.blackwell‐compass.com/subject/history/article_view?article_id=hico_articles_bsl123 . 3. Mark Hampton , ‘Newspapers in Victorian Britain’, History Compass , 2/1 (2004), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2004.00101.x . URL http://www.blackwellcompass.com/subject/history/article_view?article_id=hico_articles_bsl101 . 4. Jason Peacey , ‘Print and Public Politics in Seventeenth‐Century England’, History Compass , 5/1 (2007), 85–111, DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2006.00369.x . URL http://www.blackwell‐compass.com/subject/history/article_view?article_id=hico_articles_bpl369 . 5. Alastair Bellany , ‘Railing Rhymes Revisited: Libels, Scandals, and Early Stuart Politics’, History Compass , 5/4 (2007), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00439.x . URL http://www.blackwell‐compass.com/subject/history/article_view?article_id=hico_articles_bpl439 . 6. Brian Cowan , ‘Publicity and Privacy in the History of the British Coffeehouse’, History Compass , 5/4 (2007), DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00440.x . URL http://www.blackwell‐compass.com/subject/history/article_view?article_id=hico_articles_bpl440 . 7. Andrew Walkling , ‘Politics and Theatrical Culture in Restoration England’, History Compass , DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00453.x . URL http://www.blackwell‐compass.com/subject/history/article_view?article_id=hico_articles_bpl453 . 8. Joseph Black , ‘The Marprelate Tracts (1588–89) and the Public Sphere’, History Compass , (forthcoming). Author Recommends The relevant secondary literature is enormous but the following are suggested as surveys or preliminary guides to particular topics. 1. Jurgen Habermas , The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society , trans. Lawrence Burger with the assistance of Frederick Lawrence (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989). A translation of Habermas's deeply controversial but highly influential theoretical study, first published in German in 1965. An extensive literature exists debating Habermas's theories and their usefulness to historical investigations. 2. Alastair Bellany , The Politics of Court Scandal in Early Modern England: News, Culture and the Overbury Affair, 1603–1660 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002). A study of how the involvement of high‐ranking courtiers in a murder became the subject of a famous scandal, through the ways in which it was reported and discussed in print and especially manuscript sources. 3. Brian Cowan , The Social Life of Coffee: The Emergence of the British Coffeehouse (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005). A wide ranging survey of the development of coffeehouses and their role as centres of social interaction and political discussion. 4. Adam Fox , Oral and Literate Culture in England, 1500–1700 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000). A masterful survey of relations between oral culture, writing and print. 5. Mark Hampton , Visions of the Press in Britain, 1850–1950 (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2004). An account of the changing ways in which the British elite – politicians, industry moguls and the educated public generally – regarded the press. 6. Anne Hughes , Gangraena and the Struggle for the English Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). A thorough study employing an interdisciplinary methodology of the most important printed attack on sectarian heresy during the English Civil War. 7. Peter Lake and Steven Pincus , ‘Rethinking the Public Sphere in Early Modern England’, Journal of British Studies , 45 (2006): 270–92. An attempt to provide a broad conceptual overview for the period between the Reformation and the early eighteenth century. 8. Harold Love , Scribal Publication in England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993; paperback Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998). A pioneering study of how scribal publication – the production of multiple manuscript copies – worked in the seventeenth century, especially in disseminating controversial political tracts. 9. Jason Peacey , Politicians and Pamphleteers: Propaganda during the English Civil Wars and Interregnum (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004). A study of the production and dissemination of printed controversial tracts during the Civil War and Interregnum, particularly good on how politicians sought to use the press by recruiting authors to support their positions and subsidizing publications. 10. Joad Raymond , The Invention of the Newspaper: English Newsbooks, 1641–1649 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996). A study of the emergence of the earliest newsbooks – precursors of the newspaper – during the English Civil War. 11. Joad Raymond , Pamphlets and Pamphleteering in Early Modern Britain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). An examination of the emergence and evolution of the pamphlet or short controversial tract from the late sixteenth to the late seventeenth century. 12. Tessa Watt , Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550–1640 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991). A wide ranging study of different forms of cheaply printed materials and their interaction with religious culture. 13. David Zaret , Origins of Democratic Culture: Printing, Petitions and the Public Sphere in Early Modern England (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000). A work by an historical sociologist, arguing for the importance of petitioning campaigns in England in the 1640s in generating wider public participation in politics. 14. Joseph Black (ed.) , The Martin Marprelate Tracts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008). A fully annotated edition of the seven extant Marprelate tracts, the most notorious pamphlets of the Elizabethan period, with an extensive introduction that discusses their authorship, production, distribution, reception and influence at the time and subsequently. Useful Links 1. The Anglican Library, The Marprelate Tracts 1588–1589 http://www.anglicanlibrary.org/marprelate/index.htm Online copies of several Marprelate tracts. 2. Early Stuart Libels; British Library Collections http://www.uk.olivesoftware.com/Default/welcome.asp?skin=BL&QS=Skin%3DBL%26enter%3Dtrue A searchable database of several leading British newspapers for the period beginning 1851. 3. Making Publics 1500–1700: Media, Markets & Association in Early Modern Europe http://makingpublics.mcgill.ca/ The Web site for a major research project on early modern publics. Sample Syllabus Honours Seminar – Topics: ‘Tudor and Stuart England’: Media and Politics in Early Modern Britain Introduction to the use of early modern source materials such as books, manuscripts, prints and performances. Topics may include literacy and orality; the print revolution; censorship; readers and reading practices; newspapers and journalism; the origins of scientific persuasion and intellectual property rights. Requirements Fall: A 7–10‐page paper (12–15 pages for graduate students) worth 15% and a research prospectus (7–10 pages + bibliography and oral presentation), worth 15%, for a combined total of 30%. Winter: 20–25‐page research paper (30–40 pages for graduate students), worth 60%, by the end of the Winter semester. Class participation and two oral presentations in the first semester will make up the remaining 10%. Readings for the first term will be determined individually by each student and there are no required texts. It would be useful to purchase one or both of the following, however, as many of our readings will be derived from: Adrian Johns, The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998). R. A. Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe (London: Longman, 2002). You may also find it useful to own John Brewer, The Pleasures of the Imagination: English Culture in the Eighteenth Century (London: University of Chicago Press, 1997). The book is unfortunately out of print at the moment, but many copies can be found used at various bookshops or online. Brewer's book touches on the eighteenth‐century dimension of many of the issues we will discuss and could be read profitably to supplement our discussions throughout the first semester. Fall Term Course Outline I. METHODS Introduction Oral and Aural Culture Ritual and Visual Culture Grub Street: The History of Authorship Print Culture: The History of Books Marginalia: The History of Reading Scribal Publication First Paper Due: In seminar on 20 October 2004 II. GENRES Library Research Seminar Sermons, Prophecy and Print Public and Private Subjectivity: Letters and Diaries Theatre and Performance in Early Modern Culture The New Rhetoric of Science News Culture and the Public Sphere Conclusion and Research Paper Prospectus Reports Research Paper Prospectus Due: In seminar on Wednesday, 1 December 2004 I. METHODS 1. Introduction For background information, it would be helpful to read R. A. Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe (London: Longman, 2002), chs 1–5. 2. Orality and Literacy R. A. Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe: Its Growth, Uses and Impact, 1500–1800 (London: 2002), chs 6–10. Literacy in Historical Perspective Keith Thomas, ‘The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England’, in G. Baumann (ed.), The Written Word: Literacy in Transition (Oxford: 1986), 97–131. David Cressy, ‘Levels of Illiteracy in England 1530–1730’, Historical Journal , 20 (1977) or Literacy and the Social Order: Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England (Cambridge: 1980), 1–23. Margaret Spufford, ‘First Steps in Literacy: The Reading and Writing Experiences of the Humblest Seventeenth‐Century Spiritual Autobiographers’, Social History , 4 (1979): 407–35. Keith Wrightson, English Society, 1580–1680 (London: 1982), ch. 7. Jonathan Barry, ‘Literacy and Literature in Popular Culture’, in Tim Harris (ed.), Popular Culture in England 1500–1800 (Basingstoke: 1995), in process. David Hall, Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England (Cambridge, MA: 1990), ch. 1. Speech in Historical Perspective Bruce R. Smith, The Acoustic World of Early Modern England: Attending to the O‐Factor (Chicago, IL: 1999). Donald McKenzie, ‘Speech‐Manuscript‐Print’, in D. Oliphant and R. Bradford (eds.), New Directions in Textual Studies (Austin, TX: Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center), 87–109. Adam Fox and Daniel Woolf (eds.), The Spoken Word: Oral Culture in Britain, 1500–1850 (Manchester: 2002). Adam Fox, Oral and Literate Culture in England, 1500–1700 (Oxford: 2000), chs 1–3. Adam Fox, ‘Custom, Memory and the Authority of Writing’, in Paul Griffiths, Adam Fox and Steve Hindle (eds.), The Experience of Authority in Early Modern England (Basingstoke: 1996), 89–116. Adam Fox, ‘Ballads, Libel and Popular Ridicule in Jacobean England’, Past & Present , 145 (1994): 47–83. Laura Gowing, ‘Gender and the Language of Insult in Early Modern London’, History Workshop Journal , 35 (1993): 1–21. R. W. Scribner, ‘Oral Culture and the Diffusion of Reformation Ideas’, History of European Ideas , 5 (1984): 237–56. 3. Ritual and Visual Culture Ritual Paul Connerton, How Societies Remember (Cambridge: 1989). David Cressy, Bonfires and Bells (Berkeley/Los Angeles, CA: 1989). R. Malcolm Smuts, ‘Public Ceremony and Royal Charisma: The English Royal Entry in London, 1495–1642’, in A. L. Beier, David Cannadine, and James Rosenheim (eds.), The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone (Cambridge, 1989), 65–93. Charles Pythian Adams, ‘Ceremony and the Citizen: The Communal Year at Coventry 1450–1550’, Crisis and Order in English Towns (Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 1972), 57–85. Mervyn James, ‘Ritual, drama and social body in the late medieval English bown’, article in Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England (Cambridge: 1986), 16–47. David Starkey, ‘Representation through Intimacy’, in John Guy (ed.), The Tudor Monarchy (London: 1997), 42–78. Visual Culture Peter Burke, Eyewitnessing: The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence (Ithaca, NY: 2001). Iain Pears, The Discovery of Painting: The Growth of Interest in the Arts in England 1680–1760 (New Haven, CT: 1988). L. G. Duggan, ‘Was Art Really the “Book of the Illiterate”?’, Word and Image , 5 (1989): 227–51. David Garrioch, ‘House Names, Shop Signs and Social Organization in Western European Cities, 1500–1900’, Urban History, 21 (1994): 20–48. Marcia Pointon, ‘Quakerism and Visual Culture 1650–1800’, Art History , 20/3 (Sep. 1997): 397–431. Stana Nenadic, ‘Print Collecting and Popular Culture in Eighteenth‐Century Scotland’, History , 82/266 (Apr. 1997): 203–22. Diana Donald, The Age of Caricature: Satirical Prints in the Reign of George III (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996). Eirwen Nicholson, ‘Consumers and Spectators: The Public of the Political Print in Eighteenth‐Century England’, History , 81/261 (Jan. 1996): 5–21. Brian Cowan, ‘An Open Elite: Virtuosity and the Peculiarities of English Connoisseurship’, Modern Intellectual History , 1 (2004): 151–83. David Howarth, Images of Rule: Art and Politics in the English Renaissance, 1485–1649 (London: 1997). John Brewer, Pleasures of the Imagination (New York, NY: 1997), chs 5–7. Ann Bermingham, Learning to Draw (New Haven, CT: 2000), 1–73. Michael North and David Ormrod (eds.), Art Markets in Europe, 1400–1800 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998). Francis Haskell , History and Its Images: Art and the Interpretation of the Past (New Haven, CT: 1993). 4. Grub Street: The History of Authorship Adrian Johns, The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago, IL: 1998), chs 1–2, pp. 1–186. Stephen Orgel, ‘What is a Text?’ in David Scott Kastan and Peter Stallybrass (eds.), Staging the Renaissance: Reinterpretations of Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama (London: 1991), 83–87; also in Stephen Orgel, The Authentic Shakespeare (London: 2002). More on the History of Authorship Jennifer Summit, Lost Property: The Woman Writer and English Literary History, 1380–1589 (Chicago, IL: 2000). Brean Hammond, Professional Imaginative Writing in England 1670–1740: ‘Hackney for Bread’ (Oxford: 1997). Paula McDowell, The Women of Grub Street: Press, Politics and Gender in the London Literary Marketplace 1678–1730 (Oxford: 1998). John Brewer, Pleasures of the Imagination (New York, NY: 1997), chs 3, 11. Quentin Skinner, ‘Part II: Quentin Skinner on Interpretation’, articles in James Tully (ed.), Meaning and Context (Princeton: 1988), 29–132; or his Visions of Politics, Vol. 1, Regarding Method (Cambridge: 2002), chs 4–7. J. W. Saunders, The Profession of English Letters (London: 1964). Edwin Miller, The Professional Writer in Elizabethan England: A Study in Nondramatic Literature (Cambridge, MA: 1959). Wendy Wall, The Imprint of Gender: Authorship and Publication in the English Renaissance (Ithaca, NY: 1993). Betty A. Schellenberg, The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth‐Century Britain (Cambridge: 2005). Copyright and Intellectual Property Mark Rose, Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright (Cambridge, MA: 1995). Joseph Loewenstein, ‘For a History of Literary Property’, English Literary Renaissance , 18/3 (Autumn 1988): 389–412. Carla Hesse, ‘The Rise of Intellectual Property, 700 B.C.–A.D. 2000: An Idea in the Balance’, Daedalus , 131/2 (Spring 2002): 26–45. Censorship and Constraints on Writing Blair Worden, ‘Literature and Political Censorship in Early Modern England’, in A. C. Dale and C. A. Tamse (eds.), Too Mighty to be Free (Zutphen: 1988), 45–62. Christopher Hill, ‘Censorship and English Literature’, Collected Essays I: Writing and Revolution in Seventeenth‐Century England (Brighton: 1985), 32–71. Annabel Patterson, Censorship and Interpretation: The Condition of Writing and Reading in Early Modern England (Madison, WI: 1984). François Furet, ‘Book Licensing and Book Production in the Kingdom of France in the Eighteenth Century’, In the Workshop of History (Chicago, IL: 1984). 5. Print Culture: The History of Books Adrian Johns, The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago, IL: 1998), chs 3–5, pp. 187–379. American Historical Review Forum: Elizabeth Eisenstein and Adrian Johns, ‘How Revolutionary was the Print Revolution?’ AHR , 107/1 (Feb. 2002): 18–128. Elizabeth Eisenstein, The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe , 2nd edn (Cambridge: 2005). D. F. Mackenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (Cambridge: 1999). Roger Chartier, Forms and Meanings: Texts, Performances, and Audiences from Codex to Computer (Philadelphia, PA: 1995), 6–42. Lucien Febvre and Henri‐Jean Martin, The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing, 1450–1800 (London: 1984). Margaret Spufford, Small Books and Pleasant Histories (Cambridge: 1981). James Raven, ‘Selling Books across Europe, c. 1459–1800: An Overview’, Publishing History , 34 (1993): 5–19. John Barnard and D. F. McKenzie (eds.), A History of the Book in Britain, Vol. 4, 1557–1695 (Cambridge: 2002). Henri‐Jean Martin, Roger Chartier and Jean‐Pierre Vivet (eds.), Histoire de l’édition française, Vol. 1, Le livre conquérant, du Moyen Âge au milieu du XVIIe siècle or Vol. 2, Le livre triomphant, 1660–1830 (Paris: 1982–). 6. Marginalia: The History of Reading I Adrian Johns, The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago, IL, 1998), 380–443. Roger Chartier, Forms and Meanings: Texts, Performances, and Audiences from Codex to Computer (Philadelphia, PA, 1995), ch. 4, ‘Popular Appropriation: Readers and Their Books’, 83–97, 110–13. For an overview, see: Robert Darnton, ‘The History of Reading’, in Peter Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing , 2nd edn (Cambridge: 2001). Reading Practices David Vaisey (ed.), The Diary of Thomas Turner 1754–1765 , entries for 1754–1756, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), 1–76. Anthony Grafton and Lisa Jardine, ‘Studied for Action: How Gabriel Harvey Read His Livy’, Past and Present , 129 (Nov. 1990): 30–78. William Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: 1995). Kevin Sharpe, Reading Revolutions: The Politics of Reading in Early Modern England (New Haven, CT, 2000). John Brewer, Pleasures of the Imagination (New York, NY: 1997), ch. 4.