Anselme Payen (1795–1871), Learned Manufacturer of Chemical Products
2003; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 50; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1179/amb.2003.50.2.182
ISSN1745-8234
Autores Tópico(s)History and advancements in chemistry
ResumoBetween 1835 and 1871, Anselme Payen (1795-1871) taught industrial chemistry at both the Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures and the Conservatoire des arts et métiers. In addition, he held several administrative functions in such institutions as the Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale and the Société centrale d'agriculture. Prior to 1835, however, he owned a chemical manufactory situated in the plain of Grenelle. This paper is about Payen's career as a chemical manufacturer (1815–1835) and his various innovation strategies. The themes discussed are the lead chamber process of sulfuric acid production, artificial borax as a substitute for refined Tibetan tincal, the decolourising power of boneblack, and the “export” of the knacker's trade to the countryside. Different forms of applied science can be seen at work here: analytical chemistry for chemical bookkeeping, laboratory-scale analysis of various manufacturing conditions, theoretical explanation, and the reconstruction of traditional practices. These various ways of applying science to manufacturing problems make Payen stand out as what Chaptal had called a fabricant éclairé.
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