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No Evidence for Spread of Plasmodium falciparum Artemisinin Resistance to Savannakhet Province, Southern Laos

2012; American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; Volume: 86; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0497

1476-1645

Mayfong Mayxay, Maniphone Khanthavong, Odai Chanthongthip, Mallika Imwong, Sue J. Lee, Kasia Stepniewska, Bongkot Soonthornsata, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Samlane Phompida, Bouasy Hongvanthong, Pascal Ringwald, Nicholas J. White, Paul N. Newton,

Insect Pest Control Strategies

We conducted an open-label, randomized clinical trial to assess parasite clearance times (PCT) and the efficacy of 4 mg/kg (group 1, n = 22) and 2 mg/kg (group 2, n = 22) of oral artesunate for three days followed by artemether-lumefantrine in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria at Xepon Interdistrict Hospital, Savannakhet Province in southern Laos. Slides were read in duplicate. The overall mean (95% confidence interval; range) PCT in hours was 23.2 (21.2–25.3; 12–46) and 22.4 (20.3–24.5; 12–46) for the first and second microscopists, respectively ( P = 0.57). Ten (23%) patients remained parasitemic on day 1 after treatment (4 [18%] in group 1 and 6 [27%] in group 2; P = 0.47). No patient had patent asexual parasitemia on the second and third days of treatment. The 42-day polymerase chain reaction–corrected cure rates were 100% in both treatment groups. Serious adverse events did not develop during or after treatment in any patients. In conclusion, no evidence of P. falciparum in vivo resistance to artesunate was found in southern Laos.