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Arms Production in the Global Village: Options for Adapting to Defense-Industrial Globalization

2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 22; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/09636412.2013.816118

1556-1852

Marc R. DeVore,

Defense, Military, and Policy Studies

Abstract Few issues are more important to international relations scholars than understanding how globalization is shaping the production of armaments. Within this context, this article examines both whether and how small and medium states can maintain defense-industrial bases capable of contributing to their national security. To preview the conclusion, although defense-industrial self-sufficiency has become an illusion for most states, even small and medium states can develop defense-industrial capabilities that enhance both their ability to autonomously employ their armed forces and secure access to foreign armaments. Moreover, governments possess a range of options for achieving these objectives, including a fundamental choice between accepting foreign direct investment and pursuing unrestrained arms exports. Governments unwilling to sanction foreign ownership of their defense industries can have recourse to unrestricted exports; alternatively, states uncomfortable with liberal exports can encourage foreign direct investment. With this in mind, a lasting diversity is likely to persist in even similarly endowed states' defense industries and defense-industrial policies. Acknowledgments Marc R. DeVore is a lecturer at the University of St. Andrews. Between 2011 and 2013, he has been a Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute, Florence. His research has been sponsored by Harvard's Center for European Studies, Columbia's Center for European Studies, and the French government. He was both a Fulbright and Truman scholar, and his current research deals with comparative political economy, civil-military relations, and violent non-state actors.For valuable comments and suggestions, the author would like to thank Harvey Sapolsky, Suzanne Berger, James Davis, Moritz Weiss, Pascal Vennesson, Ron Matthews, Alain Jacob, Sandra Eisenecker, and Magnus Christiansson, as well as Ronald and Audrey DeVore. The author would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers and editors at Security Studies for their invaluable feedback. While all of the above individuals provided insightful advice, any errors in the article are the author's own. Notes Kai Sheng Chen, L'Economie armée (Paris: Payot, 1940). Fanny Coulomb, "Adam Smith: A Defence Economist," Defence and Peace Economics 9, no. 3 (1998): 299–316. Andrew Moravcsik, "Arms and Autarky in Modern European History," Daedalus 120, no. 4 (1991): 23–45. 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Holmström and Olsson, "Sweden," 170–71. The five accepted destinations for Swedish high-technology weapons were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Switzerland. Björn Hagelin, "Arms Transfer Limitation: The Case of Sweden," in Arms Transfer Limitation and Third World Security, ed. Thomas Ohlson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 157–71. Björn Hagelin, "The Margins of Security: Politics and Economics in Sweden," Policy Sciences 9, no. 2 (1978): 214–16. Maria Andersson and Johan Lilliecreutz, Supply Chain Strategies and Sub-Tier Structures (Stockholm: foa, 2000), 29–35; Björn Hagelin, "Saab, British aerospace and the jas 39 Gripen aircraft joint venture," European Security 7, no. 4 (1998): 96; Gerard Keijsper, Saab Gripen: Sweden's 21st Century Multi-Role Aircraft (Hinckley, uk: Midland, 2003), 34–43. Jeffrey Bialos, Christine E. Fisher, Stuart L. 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See Eugene Gholz, "Globalization, Systems Integration, and the Future of Great Power War," Security Studies 16, no. 4 (October-December 2007): 615–36.