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Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in Pooled Blood Serum from Infants, Children, and Adults in Australia

2009; American Chemical Society; Volume: 43; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/es900272u

1520-5851

Leisa-Maree Toms, Antonia M. Calafat, Kayoko Kato, Jack Thompson, Fiona Harden, Peter Hobson, Andreas Sjödin, Jochen F. Mueller,

Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect

Polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been used worldwide for more than 50 years in a wide variety of industrial and consumer products. Limited data exist on human exposure to PFCs in the Southern Hemisphere. Human blood serum collected in southeast Queensland, Australia, in 2006-2007 from 2420 donors was pooled according to age (cord blood, 0-0.5, 0.6-1, 1.1-1.5, 1.6-2, 2.1-2.5, 2.6-3, 3.1-3.5, 3.6-4, 4.1-6, 6.1-9, 9.1-12, 12.1-15, 16-30, 31-45, 46-60, and > 60 years) and gender and was analyzed for eight PFCs. Across all pools, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at the highest mean concentration (15.2 ng/mL) followed by perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, 6.4 ng/mL), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, 3.1 ng/mL), perfluorononanoate (PFNA, 0.8 ng/mL), 2-(N-methylperfluorooctance sulfonamide) acetate (Me-PFOSA-AcOH, 0.66 ng/mL), and perfluorodecanoate (PFDeA, 0.29 ng/mL). Perfluorooctane sulfonamide was detected in only 24% of the pools, and 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetate was detected in only one. PFOS concentrations were significantly higher in pools from adult males than from adult females (p = 0.002); no gender differences were apparent in the pools from children (< 12 years old). The highest mean concentrations of PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDeA, and Me-PFOSA-AcOH were found in children < 15 years, while PFOS was highest in adults > 60 years. Investigation into the sources and exposure pathways in Australia, in particular for children, is necessary as well as continued biomonitoring to determine the potential effects on human concentrations as a result of changes in the PFC manufacturing practices, including the cessation of production of several PFCs.