A Revision of Stizoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844: Taxonomy, Phylogenetic Relationships, Biogeography, and Evolution (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, “Sphecidae”)
2008; Pensoft Publishers; Volume: 75; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/mmnz.19990750108
ISSN1860-0743
Autores Tópico(s)Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
ResumoZoosystematics and EvolutionVolume 75, Issue 1 p. 63-169 Article A Revision of Stizoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844: Taxonomy, Phylogenetic Relationships, Biogeography, and Evolution (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, "Sphecidae") Michael Ohl, Michael Ohl [email protected] Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Abtlg. Morphologie und Systematik, Berliner Str. 28, D-37073 Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Michael Ohl, Michael Ohl [email protected] Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Abtlg. Morphologie und Systematik, Berliner Str. 28, D-37073 Göttingen, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 April 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.19990750108AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The genus Stizoides Guérin-Méneville is revised for the first time, and 31 species and two subspecies are recognized. The revision includes identification keys, diagnoses, descriptions, summaries of known life histories, illustrations of important characters, and distribution maps. Seven new species are described: aryan (India), eogaster (India), fulani (Cameroon), rubifunebris (Mali, Nigeria, Sudan), sahel (Mauritania to Chad), sokoto (Nigeria), and zulu (southern Africa). One new subspecies of fenestratus (F. Smith) from northern Africa, boreus, is described. Lectotypes are designated for blandinus (F. Smith), citrinus (Klug), conscriptus (Nurse), fulvipes Eversmann, melleus (F. Smith), tuberculiventris (Turner), and unifasciatus (Radoszkowski); the latter, previously synonymyzed with tridentatus, is recognized as a valid subspecies of tridentatus. Six new synonyms are established: Stizoides poecilopterus (Handlirsch, 1892) and egregius (Gussakovskij, 1928) = assimilis (Fabricius, 1787), ctenopus (G. Arnold, 1929) = tuberculiventris (Turner, 1912), klugii numida (Schulz, 1905) = klugii (F. Smith, 1856), and Stizus melanoxanthus (F. Smith, 1856) and melleus (F. Smith, 1856) = Stizoides citrinus (Klug, 1845). A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for the species of Stizoides. Fifty-six characters are analyzed and their phylogenetic significance is evaluated, including numerous previously unnoticed characters. Two monophyletic species groups are recognized: the assimilis and the tridentatus groups. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the historical biogeography of Stizoides is reconstructed. The species of Stizoides are cleptoparasites on Orthoptera-preying sphecid wasps. The original host of the stem species of Stizoides was putatively an immediately related Stizus species, and thus Stizoides can be considered agastoparasite. EMERY'S rule is reevaluated from a phylogenetical standpoint. The evolution of cleptoparasitism in Stizoides is discussed. A sympatric and an allopatric speciation model are compared. The temporal appearence of autapomorphies in relation to the completion of the speciation process is discussed. References Alexander, B. A. 1990. 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