Produção Nacional
Revisado por pares
Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and Description of Two New Reproductive Modes
1998; The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles; Volume: 32; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2307/1565210
ISSN1937-2418
AutoresCélio F. B. Haddad, José P. Pombal,
Tópico(s)Animal and Plant Science Education
Resumo-We redescribe Physalaemus spiniger and describe its tadpole and its reproductive modes. This species has the following three alternative reproductive modes: (1) foam nest on pond and feeding tadpoles in pond (the typical mode for the genus Physalaemus); (2) foam nest on humid places on the forest floor near a pond, and feeding tadpoles in pond; (3) foam nest on water accumulated on the axils of terrestrial bromeliads and feeding tadpoles in pond. These last two modes were not included in the reviews of reproductive modes in anurans. The vocalizations of P? spiniger are described and compared with the vocalizations of P nanus, a sibling species. Miranda-Ribeiro (1926) described Engystomops spinigera from Iguape, Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, attributing the specific name to Boulenger because the specimens were so identified in the collection of the Museu Paulista (currently Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo). However, Boulenger never described Engystomops (=Physalaemus) spinigera and accordingly the short account by MirandaRibeiro (1926) serves as the original description. The specific name Engystomops spinigera was apparently forgotten and ignored by subsequent authors (e.g., Cochran, 1955; Bokermann, 1966a; Lynch, 1970; Frost, 1985; Heyer and Wolf, 1989; Duellman, 1993). Lynch (1970) recognized four species groups in the genus Physalaemus: P biligonigerus group, P cuvieri group, P pustulosus group, and P signifer group; P deimaticus and P rupestris are not presently allocated to any species group (Sazima and Caramaschi, 1986; Caramaschi et al., 1991). Ten species are presently allocated to the Physalaemus signifer group (Pom3Present Address: Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brasil, E-mail: haddad@life.ibrc.unesp.br i i (1926) described Engystoa o Iguape, Sao Paulo State, azil, attributing the specific l er because the specimens were bal and Madureira, 1997): P bokermanni Cardoso and Haddad, P caete Pombal and Madureira, P crombiei Heyer and Wolf, P maculiventris (A. Lutz), P moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro), P nanus (Boulenger), P obtectus Bokermann, P olfersii (Lichtenstein and Martens), P signifer (Girard), and P spiniger (Miranda-Ribeiro). In recent years we collected and observed specimens of P spiniger at several localities in southern and southeastern Brazil. Herein, we redescribe this species and its tadpole. The vocalizations are described and compared with the vocalizations of P nanus, a sibling species. Also, we provide information on reproduction, including two new reproductive modes for anurans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens used in the description or examined for comparisons are deposited in AL-MN (Adolpho Lutz collection, deposited in Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil), CFBH (Celio F B. Haddad collection, deposited in Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil), MNRJ (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil), MZUSP (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil), WCAB (Werner C.A. Bokl and Madureira, 1997): P bokermanni Cardoso 557 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.117 on Sun, 23 Oct 2016 04:38:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms C. F. B. HADDAD AND J. P. POMBAL, JR. FIG. 1. Physalaemus spiniger, an adult male in life from Ilha do Cardoso, Canan6ia, SP, Brazil. ermann collection, deposited in Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil), ZUEC (Museu de Hist6ria Natural, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil). Additional specimens examined are listed in Appendix 1. Abbreviations used in the measurements of the adults are SVL (snout-vent length), HL (head length), HW (head width), ED (eye diameter), THL (thigh length), TBL (tibia length), and FL (foot length). All measurements are expressed in millimeters. The measurements of the adults follow Duellman (1970) and Cei (1980). Measured adult specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and maintained in 70% ethyl alcohol. Eggs and tadpoles were fixed and maintained in 5% formalin. For measurements we used an ocular micrometer in a Zeiss stereomicroscope, except that SVL was measured with calipers. Drawings of the adult and tadpole were made using a Zeiss stereomicroscope with a drawing tube. Vocalizations were recorded using a Nagra E tape recorder with a Sennheiser ME 80 microphone at a tape speed of 19 cm/s. The sonagrams were produced by a Macintosh computer coupled to the MacRecorded Sound System 2.0.5, using 8 bit resolution, 22 kHz sampling frequency, and FFT with 256 points. RESULTS Diagnosis and Comparison with other Species.A species belonging to the Physalaemus signifer group (sensu Lynch, 1970), characterized by (1) small size (males 17.1-21.3 mm SVL, females 20.6-22.0 mm SVL); (2) canthus rostralis distinct; (3) dorsal skin texture smooth to rugose; (4) belly orange in life; (5) structure of the advertisement call. Physalaemus spiniger is distinguished from P caete, P moreirae, P obtectus, and P olfersii by its smaller size (combined SVL of males ranging 22.5-34.5 mm; Bokermann, 1966b; Heyer, 1985; Heyer and Wolf, 1989; Heyer et al., 1990; Pombal and Madureira, 1997). By its larger size and distinct advertisement call, P spiniger differs from P bokermanni (P bokermanni males with 15.3-17.0 mm SVL; see Cardoso and Haddad, 1985). Physalaemus spiniger differs from P signifer by smoother dorsal skin (more rugose in P signifer), larger black spot on the inguinal glands, and smaller mean length (P signifer males with SVL = 20.1-22.4, x = 21.7, SD = 0.7, N = 20). Physalae us spiniger differs from P crombiei by the orange belly (pinkish in P crombiei; Heyer and Wolf, 1989) and distinct advertisement call (see below and Heyer and Wolf, 1989). Physalaemus spiniger differs from P maculiventris by wider 558
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