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Treatment of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: Are We Any Further Forward?

2007; American College of Physicians; Volume: 146; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês

10.7326/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00011

1539-3704

Raashid Luqmani,

Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema

Editorials1 May 2007Treatment of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: Are We Any Further Forward?Raashid Luqmani, DMRaashid Luqmani, DMFrom Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica are common overlapping inflammatory rheumatic diseases of unknown cause that share some clinical features and affect patients older than 50 years. The age-adjusted annual incidence of GCA is 188 to 220 cases per 1 million persons (1, 2) in the United States and the United Kingdom and 290 per 1 million persons in Norway (3). The annual incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica varies from 120 per 1 million persons in Italy (4) to 1120 per million in Norway (3) and is higher in women than men.Giant cell arteritis is easier than polymyalgia rheumatica ...References1. Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1970-1991. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:369-73. [PMID: 7880191] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Smeeth L, Cook C, Hall AJ. Incidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990-2001. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1093-8. [PMID: 16414971] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Gran JT, Myklebust G. The incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the county of Aust Agder, south Norway: a prospective study 1987-94. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:1739-43. [PMID: 9292797] MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Zizzi F, Mantovani W, Rossi F, Castri C, et al. Epidemiologic and immunogenetic aspects of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in northern Italy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:351-6. [PMID: 2003856] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. González-Gay MA, García-Porrúa C, Llorca J, Hajeer AH, Brañas F, Dababneh A, et al. Visual manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Trends and clinical spectrum in 161 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2000;79:283-92. [PMID: 11039076] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:505-15. [PMID: 13679329] LinkGoogle Scholar7. Blockmans D, de Ceuninck L, Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D, Mortelmans L, Bobbaers H. Repetitive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of 35 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55:131-7. [PMID: 16463425] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Kremers HM, Reinalda MS, Crowson CS, Zinsmeister AR, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE. Relapse in a population based cohort of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:65-73. [PMID: 15630727] MedlineGoogle Scholar9. Bengtsson BA, Malmvall BE. Prognosis of giant cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. A follow-up study on ninety patients treated with corticosteroids. Acta Med Scand. 1981;209:337-45. [PMID: 7246269] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. González-Gay MA, García-Porrúa C, Vázquez-Caruncho M, Dababneh A, Hajeer A, Ollier WE. The spectrum of polymyalgia rheumatica in northwestern Spain: incidence and analysis of variables associated with relapse in a 10 year study. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:1326-32. [PMID: 10381051] MedlineGoogle Scholar11. Gabriel SE, Sunku J, Salvarani C, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Adverse outcomes of antiinflammatory therapy among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1873-8. [PMID: 9336424] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. Field M, Cook A, Gallagher G. Immuno-localisation of tumour necrosis factor and its receptors in temporal arteritis. Rheumatol Int. 1997;17:113-8. [PMID: 9352606] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. Hernández-Rodríguez J, Segarra M, Vilardell C, Sánchez M, García-Martínez A, Esteban MJ, et al. Tissue production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-6) correlates with the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response and with corticosteroid requirements in giant-cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43:294-301. [PMID: 14679293] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14. Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Rendt-Zagar KE, Merkel PA, Weyand CM, Stone JH, et al. Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:621-30. LinkGoogle Scholar15. Salvarani C, Macchioni PL, Manzini C, Paolazzi G, Trotta A, Manganelli P, et al. Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:631-9. LinkGoogle Scholar16. Myklebust G, Gran JT. Prednisolone maintenance dose in relation to starting dose in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. A prospective two-year study in 273 patients. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30:260-7. [PMID: 11727839] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. Chevalet P, Barrier JH, Pottier P, Magadur-Joly G, Pottier MA, Hamidou M, et al. A randomized, multicenter, controlled trial using intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone in the initial treatment of simple forms of giant cell arteritis: a one year followup study of 164 patients. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1484-91. [PMID: 10852275] MedlineGoogle Scholar18. Mazlumzadeh M, Hunder GG, Easley KA, Calamia KT, Matteson EL, Griffing WL, et al. Treatment of giant cell arteritis using induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:3310-8. [PMID: 17009270] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar19. Cid MC, Hoffman MP, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Segarra M, Elkin M, Sánchez M, et al. Association between increased CCL2 (MCP-1) expression in lesions and persistence of disease activity in giant-cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:1356-63. [PMID: 16621921] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar20. Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Pryshchep O, Gröschel S, Bernardino R, Goronzy JJ. Vascular dendritic cells in giant cell arteritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1062:195-208. [PMID: 16461802] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, United KingdomDisclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Raashid Luqmani, DM, Rheumatology Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; e-mail, raashid.[email protected]ox.ac.uk. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInfliximab for Maintenance of Glucocorticosteroid-Induced Remission of Giant Cell Arteritis Gary S. Hoffman , Maria C. Cid , Karen E. Rendt-Zagar , Peter A. Merkel , Cornelia M. Weyand , John H. Stone , Carlo Salvarani , Weichun Xu , Sudha Visvanathan , Mahboob U. Rahman , and Infliximab plus Prednisone or Placebo plus Prednisone for the Initial Treatment of Polymyalgia Rheumatica Carlo Salvarani , PierLuigi Macchioni , Carlo Manzini , Giuseppe Paolazzi , Aldo Trotta , Paolo Manganelli , Marco Cimmino , Roberto Gerli , Maria Grazia Catanoso , Luigi Boiardi , Fabrizio Cantini , Catherine Klersy , and Gene G. Hunder Tumor Necrosis Factor–Blocking Agents in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis Carlo Salvarani and Gene G. Hunder Tumor Necrosis Factor–Blocking Agents in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis Raashid A. 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HunderChapter 23 Glucocorticoid Therapy for Polymyalgia RheumaticaFive Clinical Conundrums in the Management of Giant Cell ArteritisUpdate on the use of biologics in primary systemic vasculitides 1 May 2007Volume 146, Issue 9Page: 674-676KeywordsC-reactive proteinsCorticosteroid therapyCytokinesFeversGiant cellsInflammationPathogenesisPolymyalgia rheumatica ePublished: 1 May 2007 Issue Published: 1 May 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...