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Laboratory measurements of negative ion reactions of atmospheric interest

1967; Elsevier BV; Volume: 15; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/0032-0633(67)90201-2

1873-5088

F. C. Fehsenfeld, A. L. Schmeltekopf, H. I. Schiff, E. E. Ferguson,

Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics

Rate constants for the loss processes of negative oxygen ions in the D-region of the ionosphere have been measured in the laboratory for the first time. Associative detachment reactions for O− and O2− ions with atomic oxygen dominate the loss of these ions when the atomic oxygen concentration exceeds the ozone concentration. When the ozone concentration exceeds the atomic oxygen concentrations, the O− and O2− ions will largely charge-transfer to the ozone producing O3−. The O3− ions will rapidly react with CO2 to form CO3−. The CO3− ions will react with atomic oxygen to regenerate the O2− ions and will also react with NO to produce NO2− ions. O3− ions also react with NO to produce NO3− ions which may be very stable in the atmosphere. The most important atmospheric negative ions may then be NO2−, NO3−, and CO3−, with O2− and O− having lower concentrations than these and O3− having a still lower concentration. A key consideration in the production of stable (long lived) atmospheric negative ions is the ozone to atomic oxygen ratio. A sufficient condition for large λ (ratio of negative ion density to electron density) is that the ozone to atomic oxygen ratio exceeds unity. Кo;нc;тa;нты c;кo;p;o;c;ти для пp;o;цe;c;c;o;B; пo;тe;p;ь o;тp;ицa;тe;льн ыч киc;лo;p;o;дныч иo;нo;B; B; c;лo;e; D иo;нo;c;фe;p;ы B;пe;p;B;ыe; изM;e;p;нл иc;ь B;лa;бo;p;a;тo;p;ии. a;c;c;o;циa;тиB;ныe; o;тp;ыB;ныe; p;e;a;кции c; a;тo; M;a;p;ныM;киc;лo;p;o;дo;M; для иo;нo;B; O− и O2− пp;e;o;блa; дa;ют B;пo; тe;p;e; этичиo;иo;B;, кo;гдa; кo;нцe;нтp;a;ция a;тo;M;a;p;нo;гo; киc;лo;p;o; дa; пp;e;B;ышa;e;т кo;нцe;итp;a;циюo;зo;нa;. Кo;гдa; жe; кo;нцe;нтp;a;ция o;зo;нa; пp;e;B;ышa; e;т кo;нцe;нтp;a;циюa;тo;M;a;p;нo;гo; киo;c;лo;p;o;дa;, т o; B; бo;льшииc;тB;e; c;лy;khcy;a;e;B; иo;ны O− и O2− пe;p;e;нe;c;y;т зa;p;яд o;зo;нy;, c;o;здa;ющe;M;y; O3−. M;e;ждy; иo;нa;M;и O3− и CO2 пp; o;из o;йдe;т быc;тp;a;я p;e;a;кция для o;бp;a;зo;B;a;ния CO3−. M;e;ждy; иo;нa;M;и CO3− и a;тo;M; a;p;ныM; киc;лo;p;o;дo;M; пp;o;изo;йдe;т p;e;a;кциядля p;e;гe;иe;p;иp;o;B;a;ния иo;нo;B; O2−, a; тa; к жe; c; NO для o;бp;a;зo;B;a;иия иo;нo;B; NO2, кo;тo;p;ыe; M;o;гy;т c;тa;ть B;e;c;ьM;a; y;c;тo;йkhcy;иB;ыM;и B; a;тM;o;c;фe;p;e;. B;a;жнe;йшиM; c;o;o;бp;a;жe;ниe;M; B; c;o;здa;нии y;c;тo;йkhcy;иB;ыч (дo;лгo;жи B;y; щич) a;тM;o;c;фe;p;иыч o;тp;ицa;тe;льныч иo;нo;B; яB;ляe;тc;я c;o;o;тнo;шe;ниe; M;e;ждy; o;зo;нo;M; иa;тo;M;a;p;ныM; киc;лo;p;o;дo;M;. Дo;c;тa;тo;khcy;нo;e; y;c;лo;B;иe; для бo;льшo;й λ (o;тнo;шe;н иe;плo;тнo;c;ти o;тp;ицa;тe;льныч иo;нo;B; к илo;тнo;c;ти элe;ктp;o;нo;B;) c;B;o;дитc;я к тo;M;y;, khcy;тo;бы c;o;o; тнo;шe;ниe; M;e;ждy; o;зo;нo;M; и a;тo;M;a;p;ныM; киc;лo;p;o;дo;M; пp;e;B;ышa;лo; e;диницy;.