Introduction: Space and Scale in Transnational History
2011; Routledge; Volume: 33; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/07075332.2011.620735
ISSN1949-6540
AutoresBernhard Struck, Kate Ferris, Jacques Revel,
Tópico(s)Historical Economic and Social Studies
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Kiran Klaus Patel, ‘Transnational History’, EGO European History Online http://www.ieg-ego.eu (last accessed 25 July 2011); Michael McGerr, ‘The Price of the “New Transnational History”’, American Historical Review 96/4 (1991), 1056-1067; Michael Geyer and Charles Bright, ‘World History in a Global Age’, American Historical Review 110/2 (1995), 1034-1060; Christopher A. Bayly et al., ‘AHR Conversation: On Transnational History’, American Historical Review 111/5 (2006), 1441–1464. 2. On revision see Gabrielle Spiegel, ‘Revising the Past / Revisiting the Present: How change happens in historiography’, History and Theory 46 (2007), 1-19, 3. Arguing for a ‘transnational turn’ see Micol Seigel, ‘Beyond Compare: Comparative Method after the Transnational Turn’, Radical History Review 91 (2005), 62-90. 3. Akira Iriye and Pierre-Yves Saunier (eds), The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009). See also ’Comparisons, Cultural Transfers, and the Study of Networks. Toward a Transnational History of Europe’, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt and Jürgen Kocka (eds), Comparative and Transnational History. Central European Approaches and New Perspectives (New York Oxford: Berghahn Books 2009), 204-225, 204-5; Patricia Clavin, ‘Defining Transnationalism’, Contemporary European History 14/4 (2005), 421-439. 4. See for instance Hans-Ulrich Wehler, ‘Transnationale Geschichte – der neue Königsweg historischer Forschung?’, Gunilla Budde, Sebastian Conrad and Oliver Janz (eds), Transnationale Geschichte. Themen, Tendenzen und Theorien (Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2006), 161-174, 172. 5. Philipp Ther, ‘Comparisons, Cultural Transfers, and the Study of Networks: Towards a Transnational History of Europe', 204–225; Hartmut Kaelble, ‘Between Comparison and Transfers – and What Now? A French-German Debate’, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt and Jürgen Kocka (eds), Comparative and Transnational History. Central European Approaches and New Perspectives 33–38 (New York Oxford: Berghahn Books 2009), 33-38; Michael Werner and Bénédicte Zimmermann, ‘Penser l'histoire croisée: entre empirie et réflexivité’, Annales HSS Jan./Feb. (2003), 7-36; idem. (eds), De la Comparaison à l'histoire croisée (Paris: Seuil 2004); Pierre-Yves Saunier, ‘Circulations, connexions et espaces transnationaux’, Genèses 57 (2004), 110-126; Deborah Cohen and Maura O'Connor (eds), Comparison and History: Europe in Cross-National Perspective (New York, London: Routledge 2004); Akira Iriye, ‘Internationalizing International History’, Thomas Bender (ed), Rethinking American History in a Global Age (Berkeley: University of California Press 2002); Sebastian Conrad and Shalini Randeria (eds), Jenseits des Eurozentrismus. Postkoloniale Perspektiven in den Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften (Frankfurt Main: Campus 2002). 6. See for instance Tyrell, Transnational Nation. United States History in Global Perspective (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2007); Kiran Klaus Patel, `Transnationale Geschichte – ein neues Paradigma?'H-Soz-u-Kult 02.02.2005, http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/forum/2005-02-001; Glenda Sluga, ‘Editorial – the transnational history of international institutions’, Journal of Global History 6 (2011), 219-222; Patricia Clavin, ‘Time, Manner, Place: Writing Modern European History in Global, Transnational and International Contexts’, European History Quarterly 40/4 (2010), 624-640. 7. Thomas Grosser, ‘Reisen und Kultur-Transfer. Deutsche Frankreich-Reisende 1650–1850’, Michel Espagne and Michael Werner (eds), Transferts. Les relations interculturelles dans l'espace franco-allemand (XVIIIe et XIXe siècle) (Paris Édition Recherche sur les Civilisations 1988), 163–228; Marcel van der Linden (ed), Transnational Labour History: Explorations (Aldershot: Ashgate 2003); Donna R. Gabaccia and Franca Iacovetta (eds), Women, Gender and Transnational Lives: Italian Workers of the World (Toronto: University of Toronto Press 2003); Ionna Laliotou, Transatlantic Subjects: Acts of Migration and Culture of Transnationalism Between Greece and America (Chicago: Universiy of Chicago Press 2004). 8. It can be debated if transnational history necessarily has to be explicit. See also Ther, ‘Comparisons, Cultural Transfers’, 211. 9. See for instance Kristina Spohr Readman, ‘Contemporary History in Europe: From Mastering National Pasts to the Future of Writing the World’, Journal of Contemporary History 3/46 (2011), 506-530, 508, 524; Charles Maier, ‘Consigning Twentieth Century to History: Alternative Narratives for the Modern Era’, The American Historical Review 3/1005 (2000), 807-831; Geoff Eley, ‘Historicizing the Global, Politicizing Capital: Giving the Present a Name’, History Workshop Journal 63 (2007), 154-188. 10. Wehler, ‘Transnationale Geschichte’, 171. 11. Jürgen Osterhammel, ‘Imperien’, Budde, Conrad and Janz (eds), Transnationale Geschichte, 56-67. See also Carlo Ginzburg, The cheese and the worms: the cosmos of a sixteenth-century miller (London: Routledge 1980); Witold Kula, An Economic Theory of the Feudal System: Towards a Model of the Polish Economy, 1500-1800 (London: NLB 1976). 12. As classic examples see Walt Whitman Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth (London: Cambridge University Press, 1971); Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays (Cambridge Mass. London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1960). 13. For a critique see Dipesh Chakrabarty, Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference (Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000). 14. This is reflected in Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, ‘Multiple Modernities’, Daedalus 129/1 (2000), 1-29; Dominic Sachsenmaier, Jens Riedel and Shmuel N. Eisenstadt (eds), Reflections on Multiple Modernities. European, Chinese and Other Interpretations (Leiden Boston: Brill 2002); Björn Wittrock, ‘Modernity. One, None, or Many? European Origins and Modernity as a Global Condition’, Daedalus 129/1 (2000), 31-60. 15. Michel de Certeau, The Writing of History (New York: Columbia University Press 1988), 56-113. 16. Marc Bloch, ‘Pour une histoire comparée des sociétés européennes’, Revue de synthèse historique 46 (1928), 15-50. 17. A more recent example would be Maya Jasanoff, Liberty's Exiles. The Loss of America and the Remaking of the British Empire (London: Harper Press, 2011). 18. David Thelen, ‘The Nation and Beyond: Transnational Perspectives on United States History’, The Journal of American History 86/3 (1995), 965-975, 967; Pierre-Yves Saunier, ‘Transnational’, idem. and Iriye (eds), Dictionary 2009, 1047-1055. 19. Albert Demangeon and Lucien Febvre, Le Rhin. Problèmes d'Histoire et d'Économie (Paris: Gallimard 1935). See also René Leboutte, ‘A space of European de-industrialisation in the late twentieth century: Nord/Pas-de-Calais, Wallonia and the Ruhrgebiet’, European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 5/16 (2009), 755-770; for a more implicit use of a transnational region Michael Broers, ‘Napoleon, Charlemagne, and Lotharingia: Acculturation and the Boundaries of Napoleonic Europe’, The Historical Journal 44/1 (2001), 135-154. 20. Andreas Wimmer and Nina Glick Schiller, ‘Methodological Nationalism, the Social Sciences, and the Study of Migration. An Essay in Historical Epistemology’, International Migration Review 37 (2003), 576-610; Agnes Arndt, Joachim C. Häberlen and Christiane Reinecke, ‘Europäische Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Theorie und Praxis’, idem. (eds) Vergleichen, Verflechten, Verwirren? Europäische Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Theorie und Praxis (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2011), 11-30; George M. Fredrickson, ‘From Exceptionalism to Variability: Recent Developments in Cross-National Comparative History’, The Journal of American History, 82/2 (1995), 587-604, 590-1. For a critique see Sebastian Conrad and Jürgen Osterhammel (eds), Das Kaiserreich transnational. Deutschland in der Welt 1871-1914 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2004). On the concept of transfer/transferts culturels see for instance Michel Espagne and Michael Werner (eds), Qu'est-ce qu'une literature nationale. Approches pour une théorie interculturelle du champ littéraire (Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme 1994); Espagne and Werner (eds), Transferts 1988. 21. Hartmut Kaelble, Sozialgeschichte Europas. 1945 bis zur Gegenwart (Munich: Beck 2007), 16-18. 22. On this problem in ‘world history’ and ‘global history’ see Peter N. Stearns, World History. The Basics (London New York: Routledge 2011), ch. 5; Matthias Middell and Katja Naumann, ‘Global History and the Spatial Turn: From the Impact of Area Studies to the Study of Critical Junctures of Globalization’, Journal of Global History, 1/5 (2010), 149-170. 23. See for instance Ann Shola Orloff, The Politics of Pensions. A Comparative Analysis of Britain, Canada, and the United States, 1880-1940 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1993); Seymour Martin Lipset, Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada (New York London: Routledge 1990); Jakob Vogel, Nationen im Gleichschritt. Der Kult der 'Nationen in Waffen' in Deutschland und Frankreich, 1871-1914 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1997); Michael Jeismann, Das Vaterland der Feinde. Studien zum nationalen Feindbegriff und Selbstverständnis in Deutschland und Frankreich, 1792-1918 (Stuttgart: Klett Cotta 1992); Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press 1992). 24. Denying the existence of a ‘socio-structural basis’ of a transnational society see Wehler, ‘Transnationale Geschichte’, 172. See ‘Introduction’ in Davide Rogodno, Bernhard Struck and Jakob Vogel (eds), Shaping the Transnational Sphere. Experts, Networks, and Issues (c.1850-1930) (London New York: Berghahn) (forthcoming); Srilatha Batliwala and L. David Brown (eds), Transnational Civil Society: An Introduction (Bloomfield: Kumarin Press 2006). 25. Jürgen Osterhammel, ‘A “Transnational” History of Society: Continuity or New Departure?’, Heinz-Gerhard Haupt and Jürgen Kocka (eds), Comparative and Transnational History. Central European Approaches and New Perspectives (New York Oxford: Berghahn Books 2009), 39-51, 46-47. See also his earlier version idem. ‘Transnationale Gesellschaftsgeschichte: Erweiterung oder Alternative?’, Geschichte und Gesellschaft 27 (2001), 464-479. 26. Ian Tyrrell, Transnational Nation; Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings. Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 1998); Philipp Ther, In der Mitte der Gesellschaft. Operntheater in Zentraleuropa, 1815-1914 (Wien: Oldenbourg 2007); Sebastian Conrad, Globalisierung und Nation im Deutschen Kaiserreich (München: Beck 2006) (English translation Cambridge University Press 2010). 27. Osterhammel, ‘A “Transnational” History’, 43-44. 28. Related to this question see for instance Jacques Revel, ‘Micro-analyse et construction du social’, Jacques Revel (ed), Jeux d'échelles. La micro-analyse à l'expérience (Paris: Gallimard Le Seuil 2009); Giovanni Levi, ‘On Microhistory’, Peter Burke (ed), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991), 93-113, 98; David Warren Sabean, ‘Reflections on Microhistory’, in: Budde, Janz and Conrad (eds) Transnationale Geschichte, 275-289, 283. 29. This is certainly not a new question. See for instance A. A. van den Braembussche, ‘Historical Explanation and Comparative Method: Towards a Theory of the History of Society, History and Theory 28 (1998), 1-24, 8-9. 30. David Thelen, ‘Of Audiences, Borderlands, and Comparisons: Toward the Internationalization of American History’, The Journal of American History 79/2 (1992), 432-462, 432. For an example for the reconstruction of transnational history from a minute microhistorical perspective see Francesca Trivellato, The Familiiarity of Strangers. The Sephardic diaspora, Livorno, and cross-cultural trade in the early modern period (New Haven London: Yale University Press 2009); Christopher Johnson et al (eds), Transregional and Transnational Families in Europe and Beyond: Experiences Since the Middle Ages (New York: Berghahn Book 2011) (forthcoming). 31. Clavin, ‘Defining Transnationalism’, 438. With the focus on individuals that shape Europe as a shared and porous space see Catherine Evtuhov and Stephen Kotkin (eds), The Cultural Gradient: The Transmission of Ideas in Europe, 1789-1991 (Lanham Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield 2003); Ute Frevert, ‘Europeanizing German History’, GHI Bulletin 36 (2005), 9-24. 32. Max Weber, ‘Kritische Studien auf dem Gebiet der kulturwissenschaftlichen Logik’, idem., Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre (Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr 1954), 215-290. 33. See for instance Otto Ulbricht, Mikrogeschichte. Menschen und Konflikte in der Frühen Neuzeit (Frankfurt am Main: Campus 2009), 16-17; Paul-André Rosental, ‘Construire le “macro” par le “micro”: Fredrik Barth et la microstoria’, Revel (ed), Jeux d'échelles, 141-160; Fredrick Barth (ed), Scale and Social Organization (Oslo: University of Bergen Press 1978); Antoinette Burton, ‘Not Even Remotely Global? Method and Scale in World History’, History Workshop Journal 1/64 (2007), 323-328; Giovanni Levi, ‘Les usages de la biographie’, Annales ESC 44 (1989), 1325-1336; Bernard Lepetit, ‘De l'échelle en histoire’, Revel (ed), Jeux d'échelles, 71-94; Jean-Claude Passeron and Jacques Revel, ‘Penser par Cas. Raisonner à partir de singularités’, in idem. (eds), Penser par cas (Paris: Éditions de l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales 2005), 9-44; Bartolomé Yun Casalilla, ‘“Localism”, global history and transnational history. A reflection from the historian of early modern Europe’, Historik Tidskrift, cxxvii (2007), 659-678. 34. On the crisis of traditional social history and macro-scale analysis Jacques Revel, ‘Microanalysis and the Construction of the Social’, idem. and Lynn Hunt (eds), Histories. French Constructions of the Past (New York: The New Press 1995), 492-502, 494-495. On microstoria and Alltagsgeschichte see Brad Gregory, ‘Is Small Beautiful? Micro-history and the History of Everyday Life’, History and Theory 1/38 (1999), 100-110. 35. Stearns, World History, ch. 5. 36. Jan Rüger, ‘OXO: Or, the Challenges of Transnational History’, European History Quarterly 40/4 (2010), 656-668, 660. 37. Ibid. 38. Reference texts for discussion included Jacques Revel (ed), Jeux d'échelles; Carlo Ginzburg, John Tedeschi and Anne C. Tedeschi, ‘Microhistory: Two or Three Things That I Know about It’, Critical Inquiry, 20(1) 1993, 10-35; Jill Lepore, ‘Historians Who Love Too Much: Reflections on Microhistory and Biography. The Journal of American History, 88(1) 2001, S.129-144; Matti Peltonen, ‘Clues, Margins, and Monads: The Micro-Macro Link in Historical Research’, History and Theory, 40(3) 2001, 347-359. 39. See Gregory, ‘Is small beautiful?’; Peltonen, ‘Clues, Margins, and Monads’. 40. Alf Lüdtke ‘Introduction’ in A. Lüdtke (ed), The History of Everyday Life Reconstructing Historical Experiences and Ways of Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1995); Paul Steege, Andrew.S. Bergerson, Maureen Heely and Pamela Swett, ‘The history of everyday life: a second chapter’ Journal of Modern History 80 (2008), 358-378.
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