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SO-MUM: A Coupled Atmospheric Transport and Multimedia Model Used to Predict Intraurban-Scale PCB and PBDE Emissions and Fate

2012; American Chemical Society; Volume: 47; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1021/es3033023

1520-5851

Susan A. Csiszar, S. M. Daggupaty, Stephanie Verkoeyen, Amanda Giang, Miriam L. Diamond,

Fire dynamics and safety research

A spatially resolved, dynamic version of the Multimedia Urban Model (MUM) and the boundary layer forecast and air pollution transport model BLFMAPS were coupled to build Spatially Oriented MUM (SO-MUM), to estimate emissions and fate of POPs in an urban area on a 5 × 5 km2 cell resolution. SO-MUM was used to back-calculate emissions from spatially resolved measured air concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in Toronto, Canada. Estimated emissions of Σ88PCBs were 230 (40–480) kg y–1, 280 (50–580) g y–1 km–2, or 90 (16–190) mg y–1 capita–1, and Σ26PBDEs were 28 (6–63) kg y–1, 34 (7–77) g y–1 km–2, or 11 (2–25) mg y–1 capita–1. A mass inventory of penta- and octa-BDEs in Toronto was estimated to be 200 tonnes (90–1000 tonnes) or 80 (40–400) g capita–1. Using this estimate and that of 440 (280–800) tonnes of PCBs, estimated emissions of Σ88PCBs and Σ26PBDEs per mass of chemical inventory in Toronto were 0.5 (0.05–1.6) and 0.1 (0.01–0.7) g y–1 kg–1, respectively. The results suggest annual emission rates of 0.04% and 0.01% from the mass inventories with downtown accounting for 30% and 16% of Toronto's chemical inventory and emissions of PCBs and PBDEs, respectively. Since total PBDE emissions are a function of mass inventory, which is proportional to building volume, we conclude that building volume can be used as a proxy to predict emissions. Per mass inventory emission rates were negatively related to vapor pressure within a compound class, but not consistently when considering all compound congeners.