Is There Demand for Radical Right Populism in the Finnish Electorate?
2006; Wiley; Volume: 29; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1467-9477.2006.00148.x
ISSN1467-9477
Autores ResumoScandinavian Political StudiesVolume 29, Issue 3 p. 169-191 Is There Demand for Radical Right Populism in the Finnish Electorate? Elina Kestilä, Elina Kestilä Department of Political Science, 20014 University of Turku, Finland Elina Kestilä, Department of Political Science, 20014 University of Turku, Finland. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Elina Kestilä, Elina Kestilä Department of Political Science, 20014 University of Turku, Finland Elina Kestilä, Department of Political Science, 20014 University of Turku, Finland. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 15 August 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2006.00148.xCitations: 23 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Since the 1980s, the main interest in radical right-wing studies has been on occurrences of the phenomenon. Non-occurrences have not received much attention, although they could have something to offer the field as well. This article focuses on the 'Finnish exception' and by approaching the theme in terms of single-issue and protest voting theories, asks to what extent the electorate in Finland differs from those of other European countries with respect to the two crucial sets of attitudes for radical right-wing parties: those towards the political system and those towards immigration. After the country comparison, the focus turns to the Finnish case to explore where in the electorate anti-system and anti-immigrant appeal would find the strongest support. The data used in the study is taken from the European Social Survey 2002–2003, which is analysed by principal component analysis and linear regression. The country comparison shows that in the light of single-issue and protest voting theories, the attitudinal atmosphere in Finland provides a breeding ground for radical right populism as fertile as that in most other West European countries. Second, the case analysis of Finland reveals that anti-immigrant attitudes and dissatisfaction with the political system are most accentuated among older, poorly educated men with no interest in politics. REFERENCES Arter, D. 2003. 'From "Rainbow Coalition" Back Down to "Red Earth"? The 2003 Finnish General Election', West European Politics 26, 153– 62. Betz, H.-G. 1994. Radical Right-wing Populism in Western Europe. London: Macmillan. Dansk Folkeparti. 2001. Arbejdsprogram. Available online at: http://www.danskfolkeparti.dk (accessed 11 October 2004). Djupsund, G. & Karvonen, L. 1984. Fascismen i Finland: Högerextremismens förankring hos väljarkåren, 1929–1939. Åbo: Research Institute of the Åbo Akademi Foundation. Eatwell, R. 2000. 'The Rebirth of the "Extreme Right" in Western Europe', Parliamentary Affairs 53, 407– 25. Eatwell, R. 2003. 'Ten Theories of the Extreme Right', in P. Merkl & L. Weinberg, eds, Right-wing Extremism in the Twenty-first Century. London: Frank Cass. Ervasti, H. 1999. 'Uudet ja vanhat poliittiset kysymykset – päättyykö"demokraattinen luokkataistelu"', Politiikka 41, 244– 59. Fennema, M. 1997. 'Some Conceptual Issues and Problems in the Comparison of Anti-immigrant Parties in Western Europe', Party Politics 3, 473– 92. Field, A. 2003. Discovering Statistics using SPSS for Windows: Advanced Techniques for the Beginner. London: Sage. FN (Front National). 2004. Le Programme. Available online at: http://www.frontnational.com/doc_programme.php (accessed 11 October 2004). FPÖ (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs). 2004. 10-Punkte Programm. Available online at: http://www.fpoe.at (accessed 11 October 2004). Golder, M. 2003. 'Explaining Variation in the Success of Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe', Comparative Political Studies 36, 432– 66. Goul Andersen, J. & Bjørklund, T. 2000. 'Radical Right-wing Populism in Scandinavia: From Tax Revolt to Neo-liberalism and Xenophobia', in P. Hainsworth, ed., The Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream. London: Pinter. Green-Pedersen, C. 2004. 'Center Parties, Party Competition and Implosion of Party Systems: A Study of Centripetal Tendencies in Multiparty Systems', Political Studies 52, 324– 41. Grendstad, G. 2003. 'Reconsidering Nordic Party Space', Scandinavian Political Studies 26, 193– 217. Hainsworth, P. & Mitchell, P. 2000. 'France: The Front National from Crossroads to Crossroads?', Parliamentary Affairs 53, 443– 56. Hellsten, V. 2001. 'Uuden oikeiston mobilisaatiomahdollisuudet Suomessa', Politiikka 43, 37– 48. Ignazi, P. 1992. 'The Silent Counter-revolution: Hypotheses on the Emergence of Extreme Right-wing Parties in Europe', European Journal of Political Research 22, 3– 34. Ivaldi, G. 2001. 'Les formations d'extrême-droite: Front National et Mouvement National Républicain', in P. Bréchon, ed., Les Partis Politiques. Paris: La Documentation Française. Jackman, R. W. & Volpert, K. 1996. 'Conditions Favouring Parties of the Extreme Right in Western Europe', British Journal of Political Science 26, 501– 21. Jungerstam-Mulders, S. 2003. Uneven Odds: The Electoral Success of the Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, the Vlaams Blok, the Republikaner and the Centrumdemokraten under the Conditions Provided by the Political System in Austria, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Helsinki: Swedish School of Social Science. Kaplan, J. 1999. 'The Finnish New Radical Right in Comparative Perspective', in K. Pekonen, ed., The New Radical Right in Finland. Helsinki: Finnish Political Science Association. Karvonen, L. 1988. From White to Blue-and-Black: Finnish Fascism in the Inter-war Era. Helsinki: Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters. Kitschelt, H. 1995. The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Knigge, P. 1998. 'The Ecological Correlates of Right-wing Extremism in Western Europe', European Journal of Political Research 34, 249– 79. Lane, J.-E. et al. 1993. 'Scandinavian Exceptionalism Reconsidered', Journal of Theoretical Politics 5, 195– 230. Lubbers M. & Scheepers, P. 2002. 'French Front National Voting: A Micro and Macro Perspective', Ethnic and Racial Studies 25, 120– 49. Lubbers, M., Gijsberts, M. & Scheepers, P. 2002. 'Extreme Right-wing Voting in Western Europe', European Journal of Political Research 41, 345– 78. Mayer, N. 1998. 'The French National Front', in H.-G. Betz & S. Immerfall, eds, The New Politics of the Right: Neo-populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies. London: Macmillan. Mayer, N. & Perrineau, P. 1992. 'Why Do They Vote Le Pen?', European Journal of Political Research 22, 123– 41. Metsämuuronen, J. 2003. Tutkimuksen tekemisen perusteet ihmistieteissä. Jyväskylä: Gummerus. Mudde, C. 1996. 'The War of Words Defining the Extreme Right Party Family', West European Politics 19, 225– 48. Mudde, C. 1999. 'The Single-issue Party Thesis: Extreme Right Parties and the Immigration Issue', West European Politics 22, 182– 97. Mudde, C. 2000. The Ideology of the Extreme Right. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Neocleous, M. & Startin, N. 2003. '"Protest" and Fail to Survive: Le Pen and the Great Moving Right Show"', Politics 23, 145– 55. Parties and Elections. 2005. Parties and Elections in Europe: The Database about Parliamentary Elections, Parties and Political Leaders in Europe. Available online at: http://www.parties-and-elections.de/indexe.html (accessed 25 April 2005). Pekonen, K. 1997. 'Puoluevastainen mieliala Suomessa', Politiikka 39, 14– 29. Pekonen, K. 2000. 'Myytillistetty aika: Isänmaallisen Oikeiston Kalevala-nostalgia', Politiikka 1, 30– 44. Pekonen, K., Hynynen P. & Kalliala, M. 1999. 'The New Radical Right Taking Shape in Finland', in K. Pekonen, ed., The New Radical Right in Finland. Helsinki: Finnish Political Science Association. Pesonen, P. 2000. 'Presidentinvaalit 2000', Ulkopolitiikka 1, 23– 31. Raunio, T. 2004. 'The Changing Finnish Democracy: Stronger Parliamentary Accountability, Coalescing Political Parties and Weaker External Constraints', Scandinavian Political Studies 27, 133– 52. Rydgren, J. 2002. 'Radical Right Populism in Sweden: Still a Failure, but for How Long?', Scandinavian Political Studies 25, 27– 56. Rydgren, J. 2003. 'Meso-level Reasons for Racism and Xenophobia: Some Converging and Diverging Effects of Radical Right Populism in France and Sweden', European Journal of Social Theory 6, 45– 68. Rydgren, J. 2004. 'Explaining the Emergence of Radical Right-wing Populist Parties: The Case of Denmark', West European Politics 27, 474– 502. Sänkiaho, R. 1995. 'Cleavages and Party System Dimensions', in S. Borg & R. Sänkiaho, eds, The Finnish Voter. Tampere: Finnish Political Science Association. Suhonen, P. 1971. 'SMP: n kannattajakunta: havaintoja rakennepiirteistä ja asennoitumisesta', in V. Helander, ed., Vennamolaisuus populistisena joukkoliikkeenä. Hämeenlinna: Karisto. Svåsand, L. 1998. 'Scandinavian Right-wing Radicalism', in H.-G. Betz & S. Immerfall, eds, The New Politics of the Right: Neo-populist Parties and Movements in Established Democracies. London: Macmillan. Taggart, P. 1995. 'New Populist Parties in Western Europe', West European Politics 18(1), 34– 51. Van der Brug, W. & Fennema, M. 2003. 'Protest or Mainstream? How the European Anti-immigrant Parties Developed into Two Separate Groups by 1999', European Journal of Political Research 42, 55– 76. Vlaams Belang. 2004. Un programme d'avenir. Available online at: http://vlaamsblok.be (accessed 12 October 2004). Widfeldt, A. 2000. 'Scandinavia: Mixed Success for the Populist Right', Parliamentary Affairs 53, 486– 500. Widfeldt, A. 2004. 'The Diversified Approach: Swedish Responses to the Extreme Right', in R. Eatwell & C. Mudde, eds, Western Democracies and the New Extreme Right Challenge. London: Routledge. Citing Literature Volume29, Issue3September 2006Pages 169-191 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)