Peyotism, 1521–1891 1
1955; Wiley; Volume: 57; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1525/aa.1955.57.2.02a00030
ISSN1548-1433
Autores Tópico(s)Literary and Cultural Studies
ResumoAmerican AnthropologistVolume 57, Issue 2 p. 202-230 Free Access Peyotism, 1521–1891† J. S. SLOTKIN, J. S. SLOTKIN University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author J. S. SLOTKIN, J. S. SLOTKIN University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1955 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1955.57.2.02a00030Citations: 14 1 My investigation was carried on entirely in Chicago. This would have been impossible without the help of the Misses Katharine M. Hall, Helen M. Smith and Winifred Ver Nooy of the University of Chicago Library. Norman A. McQuown kindly came to my rescue whenever I began to flounder among the early Spanish texts. The study was financed by the Social Science Research Committee of the University of Chicago. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Cardenas, Juan de 1591 Problemas y secretos maravillosos de las Indias. Mexico, Ocharte. Facsimile: Coleccion de incunables Americanos 9. Madrid: Cultura Hispanica, 1945. Hernandez, Francisco 1577 Historia MS. Abridgment and translation: Cuatro libros de la naturaleza y virtudes de las planta y animales, de uso medicinal en la Nueva España [1615], abr. and Spanish tr. Francisco Jimenez, ed. A. Peñafiel. Mexico: Oficina Tipografica de la Secretaria de Fomento, 1888. Hernandez, Francisco 1577 Historia MS. Abridgment: Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus, seu [Nova] plantarum, animalium, mineralium Mexicanorum historia, abr. M. A. Recchi, ed. J. Terentius, et al. Rome: Mascardi, 1628. (DAFM-HM). Hernandez, Francisco 1577 Historia MS. Excerpts: Juan Eusebio Nieremberg, Historia naturae. Antwerp: Moretus, 1635. (ICF). Hernandez, Francisco 1577 Historia MS. Fragment: Opera, [seu] De historia plantarum Novae Hispaniae, ed. C. Gomez de Ortega. Madrid: Herreda, 1780. (DA). Muñoz Camargo, Diego 1590 Historia de Tlaxcala, ed. A. Chavero. Mexico: Oficina Tipografica de la Secretaria de Fomento, 1892. Ponce, Pedro 15—*** Breve relacion de los dioses y ritos de la gentilidad. Anales del Museo Nacional de Mexico 6 (1900): 3– 11. Primeras misiones de la Vizcaya 1598 Documentos para la historia de Mexico (ser. 4) 3 (1857): 15– 60. (ICN). Sahagun, Bernardino de 1585 Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España MS. Nahuatl text (Madrid codices): Historia de las cosas de Nueva España, ed. F. Paso y Troncoso. Madrid: Hauser y Menet, 1905-07. Text and German tr. of relevant passage: Seler 1901:359. Sahagun, Bernardino de 1585 Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España MS. Nahuatl text (Florentine codex) and translation: General History of the Things of New Spain, ed. and tr. A. J. O. Anderson and C. E. Dibble. Monographs of the School of American Research 14. Santa Fe: School of American Research, 1950—. (Books 10-11, in which are passages on peyote, have not been published so far.). Sahagun, Bernardino de 1585 Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España MS. Spanish text: Mexico: Robredo, 1938. Tr. F. R. Bandelier. Nashville: Fisk U. Press, 1932. Alva, Bartholome de 1634 Confessionario … en lengua Mexicana. Mexico, Salbago. (ICN). Arias y Saavedra, Antonio 1672 Informacion acerca del estado de la Sierra del Nayarit. In: Nayarit, ed. A. Santoscoy (Guadalajara: Yguiniz, 1899), pp. 7– 35. (CU-B. Microfilm: ICU). Arregui, Domingo Lazaro de 1621 Descripcion de la Nueva Galicia, ed. F. Chevalier. Estudios Hispano-Americanos de la Universidad de Sevilla 24. Seville: Padura, 1946. Estrada y Flores, Andres de 1659 San Pedro Teocaltiche, ed. F. Paso y Troncoso. Mexico: Vargas Rea, 1946. (ICN). Inquisition, Mexico 1620 Decree against Peyote, ed. and tr. I. A. Leonard. American Anthropologist 44 (1942): 324– 36. Inquisition, Mexico 1650 Document on Peyote. MS. Collection of David Fergusson. Cited in: The Inquisition in the Spanish Dependencies, by H. C. Lea (New York: Macmillan, 1908), p. 228. Leon, Alonso de 1649 Relacion, ed. G. Garcia. Documentos ineditos o muy raros para la historia de Mexico, 25 (1909): 9– 188. The editor also quotes from an "old relation"(ibid.: 42n) which I have been unable to trace. Leon, Martin de 1611 Camino del cielo en lengua Mexicana. Mexico, Lopez. (ICN). Perea, Estevan de 1631 Avisa. MS., Mexico, Archivo General de la Nacion. Inquisicion, vol. 372, expedientes 16, 19. Perea, Estevan de 1632 Avisa. MS., Mexico, Archivo General de la Nacion. Inquisicion, vol. 304, fols. 180-98. Perez de Ribas, Andres 1645 Historia de los triomphos de nuestra santa fee. Madrid, Paredes. (ICN) References are to: Mexico: Layac, 1944. Ruiz de Alarcon, Hernando 1629 Tratado de las supersticiones y constumbres gentilicas. Anales del Museo Nacional de Mexico 6 (1900): 123– 223. Serna, Jacinto de la 1656 Manual de ministros de Indios. Anales del Museo Nacional de Mexico 6 (1900): 261– 480. Aguirre, Manuel de 1762 Draft version: Rudo ensayo, tentativa de una provencional descripcion geografica de la provincia de Sonora, ed. B. Smith. San Augustin: privately printed, 1863. (ICN) Tr. E. Guiteras, Records of the American Catholic Historical Society 5 (1894): 109– 264. (ICN). Aguirre, Manuel de 1764 Final version: Descripcion geografica, natural y curiosa de la provincia de Sonora. Documentos para la historia de Mexico (ser. 3) 1 (1856): 489– 637. (ICN). Alegre, Francisco Javier 1767 Historia de la Compañia de Jesus en Nueva España, ed. C. M. Bustamente. Mexico: Lara, 1841– 42. Arlegui, Jose 1737 Cronica de la provincia de n. s. p. s. Francisco de Zacatecas. Mexico: Cumplido, 1851. (ICN). Espinosa, Isidro Felix de 1709 Diario. In: Viajes de misioneros franciscanos a la conquista del Nuevo Mexico, ed. O. Maas (Seville: San Antonio, 1915), pp. 50– 63. (ICN) Tr. G. Tous. Preliminary Studies of the Texas Catholic Historical Society 1, no. 3. Austin: St. Edwards U., 1930. (St. Edwards U. Library, Austin, Texas.) Estado de la Mision de San Lorenzo el Real pueblo de Zumas post 1769 MS. Location of original unknown. (Transcript: MH-P). Garcia, Bartholome 1760 Manual para administrar los santos sacramentos. [Mexico,] Rivera. Hidalgo, Francisco 1716 Letter to the Viceroy of Mexico. In: Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians, by J. R. Swanton, pp. 265– 71. Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 132. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1942. Tr. M. A. Hatcher, Southwestern Historical Quarterly 31 (1927-28): 53– 62. Lorenzo De La Pena, Antonio 1770 Letter to Jacobo Ugarte y Loyola. MS., Mexico, Archivo General de la Nacion. Provincias internas, vol. 24, fols. 28v-29v. Mexico (Viceroyalty), Laws, Statutes, etc. 1785 Bebidas prohibidas. In: Diccionario universal de historia y de geografia (Mexico: Rafael, 1853-56), apendice, I:354-62. (IU). Morfi, Juan Agustin 1777 Viaje de Indios y diario del Nuevo Mexico, ed. V. Alessio Robles. Mexico: Robredo, 1935. Mota Padilla, Matias 1742 Historia de la conquista de la provincia de la Nueva Galicia. Mexico: Sandoval, 1870. New Mexico, Courts 1720 Proceedings against Indians who took peyote. MS., Santa Fe, School of American Research, Museum of New Mexico. Tr. L. C. Drell. In: Slotkin (1951: 421-27). Ortega, Jose de, et al. 1754 Apostolicos afanes de la Compañia de Jesus. Barcelona, Nadal. (ICN) The preceding is the edition referred to. The following is a reprint under a different title: Historia del Nayarit, ed. M. Olaguibel, Mexico: Abadiano, 1887. Santa Maria, Vicente 1760 Relacion historica de la colonia del Nuevo Santander. Publicaciones del Archivo General de la Nacion 15 (1930): 351– 483. Steffel, Matthaeus 1791 Tarahumarisches Wörterbuch. In: Nachrichten von verschiedenen Lander des spanischen Amerika, ed. C. G. Murr (Halle: Hendel, 1809-11), I: 293– 374. (DLC). Velasco, Matthaeus 1716 Resumen arreglado. MS., Mexico, Archivo General de la Nacion. Provincias internas 181, No. 4: 60– 90. Academia Farmaceutica, Mexico 1846 Farmacopea mexicana. Mexico, Academia Farmaceutica. (PPCP) Peyote does not appear in these subsequent editions: Sociedad Farmaceutica de Mexico, Nueva farmacopea mexicana. Mexico: Escalante, 1874, 1st ed. Mexico: Diaz de Leon, 1884, 2nd ed. (DLC) Mexico: Oficina Tipografica de la Secretaria de Fomento, 1896, 3rd ed. (IEN-M). Ashley, C. F. 1890 Report of Cheyenne and Arapaho agency. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 59: 177– 82. Bandelier, A. F. 1890 Final report of investigations among the Indians of the Southwestern United States. Papers of the Archaeological Institute of America (American ser.) 3-4. Cambridge, Mass.: Wilson, 1890-92. Index: Albuquerque: New Mexico Historical Records Survey, 1942. (ICN). Briggs, J. R. 1887 "Muscale buttons"—physiological effects—personal experience. Medical Register 1: 276– 77. (ICJ) Reprinted: Druggists' Bulletin 1:78. (MnU). Corona, R. 1888 Los Huicholes del pueblo de Santa Catarina. In: Nayarit, ed. A. Santoscoy (Guadalajara: Yguiniz, 1899), pp. lxv– lxix. (CU-B. Microfilm: ICU). Coulter, J. M. 1891 Botany of western Texas. Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 2. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1891-94. Engelmann, G. 1856 Synopsis of the cactaceae of the Territory of the United States and adjacent regions. Botanical Works, ed. W. Trelease and A. Gray (Cambridge, Mass.: Wilson, 1887), pp. 127– 53. (ICJ). Gatschet, A. S. 1886 Comecrudo-English vocabulary, ed. J. R. Swanton, Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 127 (1940), pp. 55– 118. Hall, J. L. 1886 Report of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita agency. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 55: 127– 32. Havard, V. 1885 Report on the flora of western and southern Texas. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum 8: 449– 533. Herrera, A. L. 1882 Sinonimia vulgar y cientifica de algunas plantas. La naturaleza, Vols. 2-6 (1871-84). (ICJ). Hooker, W. J. 1847 Echinocactus williamsii. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 73: tab. 4296. Probably the earliest illustration of peyote. Landry, S. F. 1889 Notes on Anhalonium lewinii… [etc.] Therapeutic Gazette (ser. 3) 5: 16. Lemaire, C. A. 1839 Cactearum genera nova speciesque novae. Paris, privately printed. (MH-A). Lemaire, C. A. 1869 Histoire, caractères, culture et espèces du genre Anhalonium. L'Illustration horticole 16: Misc. pp. 69– 76. (IU). Lewin, L. 1888a German text: Ueber Anhalonium lewinii. Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 24: 401– 11. 1888b English text: Anhalonium lewinii. Therapeutic Gazette (ser. 3) 4: 231– 37. Mooney, J. 1891 The Kiowa mescal rite. Title only: Washington, D. C. Evening Star, Nov. 4, 1891, p. 6, col. 2. American Anthropologist, o.s. 5 (1892):90. This was probably similar to Mooney 1892a. Myers, W. D. 1889 Report of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita agency. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 58: 187– 92. Oliva, L. 1854 Lecciones de farmacologia. [Guadalajara:] Rodriguez, 1853-54. (MiU). Pfeiffer, L. G. K. and F. Otto 1849 Abbildung und Beschreibung blühender Cacteen. Cassel: Fischer, 1843-50. (MBHo) Vol. II, pl. 21 is an illustration of peyote. Vol. II was published in parts, 1846-50; I have not been able to find a set in the original parts by which to determine the publication date of the illustration, for the sake of learning its temporal relation to Hooker 1847. Rusby, H. H. 1888 Anhalonium lewinii, Henning. Druggists' Bulletin, 2: 126– 27. (MnU). Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck, J. von 1845 Beschreibung einiger neuen Cacteen. Berliner allgemeine Gartenzeitung 13: 353– 55, 385–88. (Mann Library, Ithaca, New York.). Tellechea, M. 1826 Compendio grammatical para la inteligencia del idioma Tarahumar. Mexico, Federacion. (ICN). U. S. Census Office 1894 Report on Indians taxed and Indians not taxed. Eleventh Census of the United States: 1890, Vol. 10. Washington, Government Printing Office. U. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs 1890 Annual Report 59. Watson, W. 1889 Cactus culture for amateurs. London, Gill. (ICJ). White, E. E. 1888 Report of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Wichita agency. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 57: 95– 101. Wood, D. J. M. 1890 Report of Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe and Oakland agency. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs 59: 192– 99. (Secondary botanical works on taxonomy have been omitted.). Alessio Robles, V. 1938 Coahuila y Texas en la epoca colonial. Mexico, Cultura. Bartlett, F. C. 1932 Remembering. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Bennett, W. C. and R. M. Zingg 1935 The Tarahumara. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Bolton, H. E. 1910 Texas. In: Hodge (1907, II:738-41). Britton, N. L. and J. N. Rose 1922 The cactaceae. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 248. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919-23. Cervantes de Salazar, F. 1567 Cronica de la Nueva España, ed. M. Magallon. Madrid: Hispanic Society of America, 1914. Coulter, J. M. 1894 Preliminary revision of the North American species of cactus, Anhalonium and Lophophora. Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium 3: 91– 132. Cremony, J. C. 1868 Life among the Apaches. San Francisco, Roman. Havard, V. 1896 Drink plants of the North American Indians. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 23: 33– 46. Kirchhoff, P. 1952 Mesoamerica. In: Heritage of Conquest, ed. Sol Tax (Glencoe, Ill., Free Press), pp. 17– 30. La Barre, W. 1938 The peyote cult. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 19. New Haven, Yale University Press. Lumholtz, K. S. 1902 Unknown Mexico. New York, Scribner. Martinez, M, 1937 Catalogo de nombres vulgares y cientificos de plantas mexicanas. Mexico, Botas. (DSI-M). Mason, J. A. 1912 The fiesta of the pinole at Azqueltan. Museum Journal 3: 44– 50. 1918 Tepecano prayers. International Journal of American Linguistics 1: 91– 153. Mendieta, G. de 1596 Historia eclesiastica indiana, ed. J. Garcia Icazbalceta. Mexico: Antigua Libreria, 1870. Molina, A. de 1555 Vocabulario en lengua Castellana y Mexicana. Mexico, Pablos. (DLC)6 References are to: Mexico: Spinola, 1571. (ICN) Facsimile: Coleccion de incunables americanos 4. Madrid: Cultura Hispanica, 1944. (ICN). Mooney, J. 1892a Eating the mescal. Augusta, Ga., Chronicle, Jan. 24, 1892, p. 11, cols. 1-2. (Ordinary, Richmond County, Augusta, Georgia.). Mooney, J. 1892b A Kiowa mescal rattle. American Anthropologist, o.s. 5: 64– 65. Mooney, J. 1896a The mescal plant and ceremony. Therapeutic Gazette (ser. 3) 12: 7– 11. Mooney, J. 1896b The ghost-dance religion. Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology 14 (1892-93), Pt. 2. Mooney, J. 1897 The Kiowa peyote rite. Der Urquell, n.s. 1: 329– 33. Mooney, J. 1898 Calendar history of the Kiowa Indians. Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology 17 (1895-96), Pt. 1, pp. 129– 445. Mooney, J. 1910 Peyote. In: Hodge (1907, II:237); also illus. ibid., I: 959. Mooney, J. 1915 Statement. In: U.S. Congress, House, Committee of Indian Affairs, Peyote (Washington, Government Printing Office), pp. 69– 74. (ICN). Mooney, J. 1918 Statement. In: U.S. Congress, House, Committee of Indian Affairs, Peyote (Washington, Government Printing Office), pp. 59– 68, 88–113, 145–48, 171–72. (ICN). Mooney, J. n.d. Peyote [Notebook]. MS., Washington, Bureau of American Ethnology, MS. no. 1930. Mooney, J. n.d. Miscellaneous material regarding Peyote. MS., Washington, Bureau of American Ethnology, MSS. nos. 1887, 2537. Ochoterena, I. 1926 Nota acerca de la identificacion botanica de algunas de las plantas conocidas vulgarmente con el nombre de peyote. Revista Mexicana de Biologia 6: 95– 106. (ICJ). Opler, M. E. 1936 The influence of aboriginal pattern and white contact on a recently introduced ceremony, the Mescalero peyote rite. Journal of American Folklore 49: 143– 66. Opler, M. E. 1938 The use of peyote by the Carrizo and Lipan Apache tribes. American Anthropologist 40: 271– 85. Opler, M. E. 1939 A description of a Tonkawa peyote meeting held in 1902. American Anthropologist 41: 433– 39. Opler, M. E. 1945 A Mescalero Apache account of the origin of the peyote ceremony. El Palacio 52: 210– 12. Parsons, E. C. 1939 Pueblo Indian religion. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Petrullo, V. 1940 Peyotism as an emergent Indian culture. Indians at Work 7, No. 8: 51– 60. Peyotes 1900 Anales del Instituto Medico Nacional de Mexico 4: 203– 14. (MnU). Philippe, J. 1903 L'Image mentale. Paris, Alcan. Pierson, D. L. 1915 American Indian peyote worship. Missionary Review of the World, n.s. 28: 201– 6. (ICMILC). Powell, P. W. 1952 Soldiers, Indians, and silver. Berkeley, University of California Press. Ramirez, J. 1902 Sinonimia vulgar y scientifica de las plantas mexicanas. Mexico, Oficina Tipografica de la Secretaria de Fomento. (ICJ). Rouhier, A. 1927 Le peyotl. Paris, Doin. (ICJ). Schmeckebire, L. W. 1927 The Office of Indian Affairs. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press. Schultes, R. E. 1937a Peyote and plants used in the Peyote ceremony. Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets 4, No. 8. Cambridge, Mass., Botanical Museum. Schultes, R. E. 1937b Peyote (Lophophora williamsii) and plants confused with it. Botanical Museum Leaflets 5, No. 5. Cambridge, Mass., Botanical Museum. Schultes, R. E. 1939 The identification of Teonanacatl. Botanical Museum Leaflets 7, No. 3. Cambridge, Mass., Botanical Museum. Schultes, R. E. 1940 Teonanacatl: the narcotic mushroom of the Aztecs. American Anthropologist 42: 429– 43. Schultes, R. E. 1941 A contribution to our knowledge of Rivea corymbosa: the narcotic ololiuqui of the Aztecs. Cambridge, Mass., Botanical Museum. (ICF). Seler, E. 1901 Die Huichol-Indianer des Staates Jalisco in Mexico. Gesammelte Abhandlungen (Berlin, Asher and Behrend, 1902-14) III: 355– 91. Slotkin, J. S. 1951 Early eighteenth century documents on peyotism north of the Rio Grande. American Anthropologist 53: 420– 27. Slotkin, J. S. 1952 Menomini peyotism. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 42, No. 4. Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society. Spain, Laws, Statutes, etc. 1681 Recopilacion de leyes de los reynos de las Indias. Madrid: Ibarra, 1791, 4th ed. Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia 1944 El norte de Mexico y el sur de Estados Unidos. Reunion de Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia 3 (1943). Mexico, Stylo. Stewart, O. C. 1944 Washo-Northern Paiute Peyotism. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 40, No. 3. Berkeley, University of California Press. Stewart, O. C. 1948 Ute peyotism. University of Colorado Studies (anthrop. ser.) 1. Boulder, University of Colorado Press. Toro, A. 1928 Las plantas sagradas de los Aztecas. Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists 23: 101– 21. Torquemada, J. de 1615 Monarchia indiana, ed. A. G. Barcia Carballido y Zuñiga. Madrid: Rodriguez Franco, 1723. Zingg, R. M. 1938 The Huichols. New York, Stechert. (ICN). American Geographical Society 1945 Index to map of Hispanic America. Washington, Government Printing Office. Dunne, P. M. 1938 Jesuit annual letters in the Bancroft Library. Mid-America, n.s. 9: 263– 72. F. W. Hodge, (ed.) 1907 Handbook of American Indians. Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 30. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1907-10. Jimenez Moreno, W. 1944 Tribus e idiomas del norte de Mexico. In: Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia 1944: 121– 33. Kroeber, A. L. 1939 Cultural and natural areas of native North America. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 38. Berkeley, University of California Press. Mendizabal, M. O. de and W. Jimenez Moreno 193-Distribucion prehispanica de las lenguas indigenas de Mexico. Mexico, Instituto Panamericana de Geografica e Historia. (ICN). Millares Carlo, A. and J. I. Mantecon 1943 Ensayo de una bibliografia de bibliografias mexicanas. Mexico: Departamento del Distrito Federal, 1943-44. Millares Carlo, A. and J. I. Mantecon 1948 Repertorio bibliografico de los archivos mexicanos y de las colecciones diplomaticas fundamentales para la historia de Mexico. Publicaciones del Instituto de Historia (ser. 1) 6. Mexico, Aldina. Murdock, G. P. 1941 Ethnographic bibliography of North America. Yale Anthropological Studies 1. New Haven, Yale University Press. Orozco Y Berra, M. 1864 Geografia de las lenguas y carta etnografica de Mexico. Mexico, Andrade and Escalante. Santamaria, F. J. 1942 Diccionario general de Americanismos. Mexico, Robredo. Sauer, C. 1934 The distribution of aboriginal tribes and languages in northwestern Mexico. Ibero-Americana 5. Berkeley, University of California Press. U. S. Library of Congress, Union Catalog Division 1953 Symbols used in the national union catalog of the Library of Congress. Washington, Library of Congress. Uriarte, J. E. de 1904 Catalogo razonado de obras anonimas y seudonimas de autores de la Compañia de Jesus. Madrid: Rivadeneyra, 1904-16. 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