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Artigo Acesso aberto Produção Nacional Revisado por pares
BIBTEX RIS

Narrowing socioeconomic inequality in child stunting: the Brazilian experience, 1974–2007

2009; World Health Organization; Volume: 88; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.2471/blt.09.069195

ISSN

1564-0604

Autores

Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Maria Helena D’Aquino Benício, Wolney Lisbôa Conde, Sílvia Cristina Konno, Ana Lucia Lovadino, Aluísio J. D. Barros, César G. Victora,

Tópico(s)

Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare

Resumo

Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article.Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬Objective To assess trends in the prevalence and social distribution of child stunting in Brazil to evaluate the effect of income and basic service redistribution policies implemented in that country in the recent past.Methods The prevalence of stunting (height-for-age z score below -2 using the Child Growth Standards of the World Health Organization) among children aged less than 5 years was estimated from data collected during national household surveys carried out in Brazil in 1974-75 (n = 34 409), 1989 (n = 7374), 1996 (n = 4149) and 2006-07 (n = 4414).Absolute and relative socioeconomic inequality in stunting was measured by means of the slope index and the concentration index of inequality, respectively.Findings Over a 33-year period, we documented a steady decline in the national prevalence of stunting from 37.1% to 7.1%.Prevalence dropped from 59.0% to 11.2% in the poorest quintile and from 12.1% to 3.3% among the wealthiest quintile.The decline was particularly steep in the last 10 years of the period (1996 to 2007), when the gaps between poor and wealthy families with children under 5 were also reduced in terms of purchasing power; access to education, health care and water and sanitation services; and reproductive health indicators.Conclusion In Brazil, socioeconomic development coupled with equity-oriented public policies have been accompanied by marked improvements in living conditions and a substantial decline in child undernutrition, as well as a reduction of the gap in nutritional status between children in the highest and lowest socioeconomic quintiles.Future studies will show whether these gains will be maintained under the current global economic crisis.

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